What's the difference between BB cream and CC cream?

 

 

Confused about the latest beauty balms and colour correcting products? We’ve got the lowdown..

BB cream

“BB stands for ‘beauty balm’ – they’re meant to be time-saving products that combine colour, moisture, treatment ingredients, and sun protection in one product,” says Bryan Barron, research and content director at Paula’s Choice Skincare. 

CC cream

“CC isn’t as firmly defined, but typically stands for ‘colour and correct’; think of them as liquid foundations that, when well formulated, also contain ‘corrective’ ingredients, usually those that fight signs of ageing,” he says. 

Tinted moisturiser

“BB creams and tinted moisturisers are practically interchangeable depending on which products you are looking at. There is very little consistency between brands,” says Barron.

 

 

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Churches a Good Place for HIV Testing, Treatment in Africa

TUESDAY, Oct. 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Churches and other faith-based centers are good locations to offer HIV testing and treatment for pregnant women in isolated areas of sub-Saharan Africa, a new study shows.

Worldwide, about 87 percent of pregnant women with HIV and more than 90 percent of children with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa, according to UNAIDS, a United Nations health care program that targets HIV and AIDS.

Researchers found that pregnant women in hard-to-reach and rural areas of Nigeria who were offered prenatal screening for diseases such as HIV, malaria and syphilis at a monthly church-run baby shower (part of a program called the Healthy Beginning Initiative) were 11 times more likely to get tested for HIV than those who were encouraged to get routine HIV testing at local health facilities.

The study was published Oct. 14 in the The Lancet Global Health.

Even though simple, inexpensive and highly effective treatments to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV are becoming more available, one-third of HIV-infected women do not start treatment during pregnancy, resulting in about 210,000 new HIV infections in children every year worldwide.

Poor access to HIV screening is one reason for that, according to the researchers.

“Most pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa access HIV screening through the health care system. But in many countries like Nigeria, only a third of deliveries take place in hospitals and less than 3 percent of health care facilities have established services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission,” said study author Dr. Echezona Ezeanolue, an associate professor in the School of Medicine and Community Health Sciences at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

“We have been looking for new ways to reach out and offer sustainable community-based testing programs to pregnant women, to eliminate new HIV infections among children,” he said in a journal news release.

The researchers focused on churches because faith-based groups are highly influential in Africa.

“Most communities in sub-Saharan Africa have at least one religious center, even when there are no accessible health facilities. Our findings show that simple, culturally adapted, faith-based programs such as the Healthy Beginning Initiative can effectively increase the uptake of HIV testing among pregnant women in resource-limited settings,” Ezeanolue said.

In a related commentary, Dr. Benjamin Chi and Dr. Elizabeth Stringer, from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, said the study “provides an evidence-based blueprint for how churches and health clinics can collaborate to produce measurable programmatic benefits. By extending such strategies from HIV testing to long-term adherence and retention, these programs can further deliver on their promise and meaningfully contribute to the elimination of pediatric HIV in the region.”

More information

The New Mexico AIDS Education and Training Center has more about pregnancy and HIV.

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Study Ties Essure Birth Control Implant to Greater Need for Reoperation

By Randy Dotinga
HealthDay Reporter

TUESDAY, Oct. 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) — New research raises concerns about Essure, an implanted long-term birth control device that’s already the focus of controversy.

Researchers found a 10-fold higher risk of needing a reoperation during the first year for women who choose the Essure device compared to those who had minimally invasive surgery for sterilization.

Essure works to prevent conception by blocking the fallopian tubes with metallic coils.

This isn’t the first time the device, first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2002, has come under scrutiny.

In September, an FDA panel reviewed the safety of the device after receiving complaints of complications from users. Abdominal pain was the side effect most often reported by women to the FDA, followed by heavier menstrual periods. The panel said that while complications have been reported, they haven’t increased since the approval of the device. However, the agency said it plans to continue to monitor the safety of Essure.

The new study focuses on the need for new surgical procedures tied to use of Essure. Study co-author Dr. Art Sedrakyan, a professor of Healthcare Policy and Research at Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York City, estimated that more than 10,000 U.S. Essure patients have needed reoperations over the past few years.

Sterilization with Essure (called hysteroscopic sterilization) does offer benefits compared to other kinds of procedures, Sedrakyan team said, and it’s not clear how many of the reoperations were required due to serious medical problems.

However, “it is a serious issue given the large number of procedures,” Sedrakyan said, especially in light of the fact that “surgery after failure of Essure is much more serious compared to the approach that women were trying to avoid initially when choosing Essure.”

The Essure device can be implanted in a doctor’s office, allowing women undergoing tube-blocking sterilization to avoid general anesthesia and a hospital stay.

Using statistics from New York state, Sedrakyan estimates that about 25 to 30 percent of women undergoing sterilization are using the Essure device. The new study compared just over 8,000 patients who chose Essure to more than 44,000 who had sterilization via minimally invasive surgery that seals off the fallopian tubes (commonly referred to as having your “tubes tied”). The patients were treated from 2005-2013 in New York state.

No contraceptive method is foolproof, and rates of unintended pregnancy rates were similar in both groups — about 1 percent, the study found.

Essure procedures were more expensive (a median of $7,800 compared to $5,100) than surgical procedures, the researchers said. And 30 days after the procedure, the odds of a major medical complication were lower for Essure procedures than for surgery.

However, 2 percent of Essure patients required reoperations later on compared to just 0.2 percent of surgical patients. The difference remained after the researchers adjusted their statistics to account for age and other health problems.

Sedrakyan said the study is unique because it represents Essure’s “safety in terms of the major outcome that patients care about: the need to undergo surgery, which is not a minor event. In fact, in some instances, device failure might involve a major intervention to fix the complications.”

Obstetrician and gynecologist Dr. Kristina Tocce, an associate professor at the University of Colorado Denver, said some of her patients choose Essure because they wouldn’t easily tolerate other kinds of procedures due to medical issues, such as obesity or scarring from previous abdominal surgery.

Tocce said she thought Essure would become more common than surgery, but negative press about Essure has “dissuaded a lot of patients from pursuing it as an option. I’ve seen a lot of patients who have been scheduled for it but cancelled once they went online and read about this controversy.”

As for the new study, Tocce said its findings are valuable but added that it’s not a prospective study, the gold standard of research in which “you enroll patients and watch what happens.” Also, she said, it’s not clear how many of the reoperations “were for serious problems or if they were reattempts because the coils couldn’t be placed on the first try.”

On the positive side, the study showed few immediate complications of the Essure procedures and no higher risk of unintended pregnancy, she said.

Bayer Healthcare, which makes Essure, took issue with the study findings.

In a statement, the company noted that the study “is based on a single database of one U.S. state and it is unclear if the data includes patients who underwent Essure in office settings.”

The company also said that, as part of implantation protocol, women are typically examined by their doctor three months after Essure is implanted. No such routine follow-up examination is required for women who get their “tubes tied,” so opportunities to spot potential problems are higher for women who use Essure versus those sterilized in the other manner, Bayer said. This is what is known as “detection bias.”

Tocce said that, going forward, women interested in permanent sterilization should consider their health situations. If they’ve had issues such as previous major surgeries, Essure may be the best option, she explained, but the average person who’s fairly healthy might want to consider both options.

Tocce also noted the need for a follow-up exam in Essure users.

“They need to understand that the Essure procedure is not instant,” she said. “They don’t leave sterilized that day. At the end of three months, they have to have a confirmatory test. The patient has to be committed to the following-up period.”

So, should women who have already undergone sterilization via the Essure device worry? No, according to Tocce, since “the overwhelming majority of them will not need another surgery and will not have other issues.”

The study appears in the Oct. 13 issue of BMJ.

More information

To learn more about Essure, visit the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

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Plight of NFL Player Stricken by MRSA Germ ‘Extremely Unusual’

By Dennis Thompson
HealthDay Reporter

TUESDAY, Oct. 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Infectious diseases doctors say they’re puzzled by a serious MRSA infection that could cost a professional football player his foot.

The case of New York Giants tight end Daniel Fells is unusual for several reasons, the experts say. First, because infection rates for the so-called “superbug” are falling in the United States. And second, the 6-foot, 4-inch 260-pound Fells is far from the type of patient who’s likely to develop a MRSA infection so serious that amputation may be required.

“In a healthy young athlete, to have an amputation from MRSA is extremely unusual,” said Dr. Aaron Glatt, a spokesman for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

People who typically develop serious MRSA infections are older, frequently hospitalized, or suffering from a chronic disease like diabetes, said Glatt, who’s also an infectious diseases specialist at South Nassau Communities Hospital in Oceanside, N.Y.

Fells, 32, appeared to develop his infection after he received a cortisone shot last month to treat a toe and ankle injury, according to the National Football League.

A week later, on Oct. 2, he appeared in an emergency room with a 104-degree temperature. Doctors determined that he had a MRSA infection in his ankle.

Fells has since undergone five surgeries to fight off the infection, and there’s concern that the bacteria might have spread to his bone and bloodstream, prompting the potential need for the foot amputation.

The Giants, meanwhile, have taken the precaution of scrubbing down their locker room, training room and meeting rooms, according to the team.

MRSA, or methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, is a strain of bacteria that has developed a resistance to several common antibiotics.

Typically, MRSA causes a simple skin infection that’s easily treated by lancing the abscess or taking alternative antibiotics. But, if it reaches the deep tissue, bone or bloodstream it can cause severe illness, said Dr. Pritish Tosh, an infectious diseases doctor with the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn.

“Very few of these cases turn into these very serious limb- or life-threatening infections,” Tosh said. “But when they do, it’s very debilitating.”

MRSA was one of the first antibiotic-resistant “superbugs” to be identified and publicized. But effective responses by hospitals have significantly reduced the number of infections in recent years, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Invasive MRSA infections in hospitals declined 54 percent between 2005 and 2011, with 30,800 fewer severe infections and 9,000 fewer deaths in hospital patients, the CDC reported.

Fells’ occupation may have placed him at greater risk for exposure to MRSA, health experts said.

An NFL physicians survey conducted in 2013 — the year in which the Tampa Bay Buccaneers suffered a three-player MRSA outbreak — found that 33 players had contracted a MRSA infection between 2006 and 2008, according to USA Today.

Fells “is in the high-risk population of athletes, where they share towels and benches and have high body contact,” said Stefan Juretschko, director of infectious diseases diagnostics for North Shore-LIJ Health System in Lake Success, N.Y.

Other NFL teams have suffered MRSA outbreaks in recent years, according to published reports — the Cleveland Browns, the Washington Redskins and the Buccaneers.

One of the Buccaneers players, kicker Lawrence Tynes, sued the team for $20 million in April, alleging that unsanitary conditions in the team’s facilities caused him to contract his career-ending case of MRSA.

NFL players tend to play while injured and get regular painkilling injections, both of which can increase a person’s risk of MRSA infection, Glatt said.

Injections into a joint are of particular concern. Back in 2012, the CDC noted two separate outbreaks of MRSA related to joint injections performed at clinics in Arizona and Delaware, sickening a total 10 patients.

In both clinics, the infections appeared to spread because doctors were injecting multiple patients from vials only meant to be used once, spreading MRSA bacteria with every new shot, the CDC reported.

Although MRSA seems to be better controlled these days, the threat posed by other antibiotic-resistant germs remains high, the experts said.

Juretschko pointed in particular to CRE, or Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, a “superbug” that the CDC this month said has gained a foothold in at least seven U.S. metropolitan areas.

“There are many more drug-resistant organisms out there that can do a lot more harm than MRSA,” Juretschko said.

People concerned about exposure to antibiotic-resistant bugs should focus on good hygiene, by regularly washing their hands and making sure they thoroughly clean and disinfect any cuts or wounds, Glatt said.

If you’re worried that you have an infection, seek medical care as soon as possible, Juretschko added.

“The speed of diagnosis and the speed of identification of the organism is important,” he said. “The longer you wait, the more difficult it is to treat.”

More information

For more on MRSA, visit the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

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How Wearing a Top Knot Might Actually Lead to Bald Spots

Photo: Getty Images

Recently the Internet whipped itself into a frenzy over reports about an uptick in “man bun”-related balding—But c’mon, really?

Well, it turns out that yes, really, sporting a “man bun”—or “woman bun” for that matter— just might lead to bald spots, if you wear a super-tight bun religiously, anyway.

The technical term for this kind of hair loss is traction alopecia, and it’s caused by consistent pulling on the hair’s roots that leads to damage.

RELATED: 10 Myths You Shouldn’t Believe About Hair Loss in Women

While the experts Health spoke with couldn’t vouch for a startling increase in traction alopecia among men, they did say that they’ve seen an uptick in cases among women.

“It used to be most common in women of color [who] wore their hair braided tight as children who would be confronted with hair loss in their thirties or forties,” explains New York-based derm Doris Day, MD. And while super tight cornrows or braids continue to be a risk for hair loss later on, other popular hairstyles may also be adding to the problem.

First on the list: hair extensions, Dr. Day says. “Women are aspiring to [have] more hair than is natural. They get addicted—it’s kind of like tanorexia in that sense,” she says, adding that this leads to women choosing to keep their extensions in far too long.

RELATED: 21 Reasons Why You’re Losing Your Hair

“Ballerinas and gymnasts [may also] experience traction alopecia, and wearing hair pulled back too tightly under a swim cap could cause this for swimmers, too,” adds Anabel Kingsley, a trichologist at Phillips Kingsley Trichology Clinic in New York.

Anyone can fall victim to traction alopecia, especially if they have thinner tresses.  “Fine hair is weaker than coarser hair types, so anyone with finer strands are more likely to experience breakage,” Kingsley adds.

To help prevent this, the best thing you can do is switch up your style often and wear buns, braids, and ponytails looser. “If your hair style is giving you a headache, it’s probably too tight,” Kingsley quips.

RELATED: 8 Ways to Get Gorgeous Hair in Your Sleep

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Khloé Kardashian Is Not Happy That Amy Schumer Joked About Her Weight Loss

We love Amy Schumer because she doesn’t shy away from any topic. Birth control? Check. Body Image? Check. Kardashians? Check.

So it wasn’t surprising that her monologue on Saturday Night Live was filled with mentions of all three, with a little extra focus on Khloé Kardashian’s weight loss.

Schumer started by talking about how there needs to be better role models for young girls, because “who do they have? All they have, literally, is the Kardashians.”

RELATED: The Awesome Way Kelly Clarkson Responded to Being Fat-Shamed by a Twitter Troll

“Is that a great message for little girls? A whole family of women who take the faces they were born with as like, a light suggestion?” she said. “We used to have Khloé. Khloé was ours, right? Whenever there’s a group of women, you identify with one of them, right? … But then Khloé—she lost half her body weight. Like Khloé, she lost a Kendall, and we have nothing.”

Khloé revealed back in July that she lost around 35 pounds (which is admittedly, less than a Kendall), thanks to an intense workout regime with celebrity trainer Gunnar Peterson.

RELATED: 5 Things You Should Know About Detox Teas

And Khloé wasn’t going to let Schumer’s comments slide—she worked hard for her new physique, after all. About 14 hours after Schumer took the stage at Studio 8H, Khloé appeared to subtweet a response to Schumer, without naming her directly.

No need 2 tear down others just 2 make urself feel bigger. It actually makes u quite small. I'm on a healthy journey. I don't care 4the hate

— Khloé (@khloekardashian) October 11, 2015

Then came a second tweet, two minutes later:

Let's uplift one another!!! Happy Sunday! Stay smiling!!! 🙏🏽🙏🏽🙌🏽🙌🏽🙌🏽

— Khloé (@khloekardashian) October 11, 2015

So Schumer decided to subtweet her back, with a photo of her adorable baby niece, who was mentioned in the monologue as a girl Schumer hopes to inspire.

Nothing but love for that family. I like idea of sending women the message to be happy in their own skin. #peace http://pic.twitter.com/95KJVdRY6i

— Amy Schumer (@amyschumer) October 12, 2015

RELATED: Here’s How Khloé Kardashian Works Out

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Marijuana Extract Ill-Suited for Preventing Nausea After Surgery

TUESDAY, Oct. 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) — The active chemical in marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), doesn’t prevent nausea or vomiting in patients emerging from surgery, new research indicates.

“Due to an unacceptable side effect profile and uncertain [anti-nausea] effects, intravenous THC administered at the end of surgery prior to emergence from anesthesia cannot be recommended,” said Swiss researchers led by Dr. Lorenz Theiler of the University of Bern.

The negative findings were so clear-cut the researchers halted their study early.

The study included patients undergoing gynecological or breast surgery who were randomly chosen to receive either intravenous THC or a placebo at the end of surgery. The study was supposed to include about 300 patients, but was stopped after 40.

Among those given the marijuana extract, the compound was found to reduce nausea and vomiting risk only 12 percent of the time. The study authors said this compares poorly with standard anti-nausea medications, which have an effectiveness rate of 25 percent.

Patients given THC were found to take longer to recover from surgical anesthesia and felt woozier once they did. THC patients also tended to spend more time in the recovery ward after surgery.

Psychological side effects were “unpredictable in both quantity and quality” in the THC group, the researchers said.

On the plus side, those given THC tended to require less pain medication, the investigators noted.

Nausea is a common concern following surgery. Because standard drugs don’t fully eliminate the risk, researchers have set about looking for potential alternatives.

The researchers behind the new study focused on THC because of evidence it eases nausea related to chemotherapy, they said.

The findings were published recently in the journal Anesthesia & Analgesia.

More information

The American Heart Association talks about managing expectations after surgery.

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Exercise May Help Prevent Pregnancy-Linked Pelvic Pain

TUESDAY, Oct. 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Women who routinely exercise in the three months prior to conceiving may help themselves avoid the pelvic pain that often occurs during pregnancy, Norwegian research suggests.

The finding is focused on so-called “pelvic girdle pain,” the researchers explained. The name reflects a constellation of joint and ligament pain often brought on by pregnancy, and for 2 percent to 3 percent of women, this pain can linger for as long as a year after delivery.

According to the researchers, such pain typically occurs in the rear region of the pelvis, as well as at the juncture where the pubic bone meets up with the front section of the pelvis, the researchers explained.

Would exercise help? To find out, investigators led by Dr. Katrine Mari Owe, of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, reviewed data on more than 39,000 women who had been enrolled in a national study between 1999 and 2008.

Almost 57 percent said they exercised at least three times a week in the three months before becoming pregnant. And nine out of 10 of those exercising women said they had continued to exercise as late as 17 weeks into their pregnancy.

While the study couldn’t prove cause-and-effect, risk factors raising a mom-to-be’s odds for pelvic girdle pain included smoking, obesity and having a prior history of depression or lower back pain. Young mothers-to-be (those under 25) also appeared to face a higher risk than older women, the study found.

However, the risk was lower among those women who had exercised three to five times per week in the months prior to pregnancy, Owe’s team reported.

Was any type of exercise more effective? After looking at 13 different types of exercise, Owe’s team found that high-impact exercise — such as jogging, aerobics, and ball games — were most strongly associated with a diminished risk for pelvic pain.

Specifically, high-impact exercise performed three to five times a week prior to pregnancy was linked to a 14 percent dip in risk by the time the women had reached their 30th week of gestation, the researchers found.

The findings were published online Oct. 4 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

More information

There’s more on pelvic girdle pain at the UK National Childbirth Trust.

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For a Better Calorie Burn, Adjust Your Speed While Walking

TUESDAY, Oct. 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Walking is a great way to burn extra calories, but new research suggests you might gain even more benefit if you vary your speed as you stroll.

The new research, from Ohio State University, found that changing your pace could burn up to 20 percent more calories than maintaining a steady stride.

“Most of the existing literature has been on constant-speed walking. This study is a big missing piece,” study co-author Manoj Srinivasan, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, said in a university news release.

“Measuring the metabolic cost of changing speeds is very important, because people don’t live their lives on treadmills and do not walk at constant speeds. We found that changing speeds can increase the [caloric] cost of walking substantially,” Srinivasan explained.

People may also be underestimating the number of calories they burn while walking in daily life or playing sports, the study authors said. The researchers estimated that starting and stopping may account for up to 8 percent of the energy used during normal daily walking. This caloric cost is often not included in calorie-burning estimations, Srinivasan’s group said.

Study lead author Nidhi Seethapathi, added that “walking at any speed costs some energy, but when you’re changing the speed, you’re pressing the gas pedal, so to speak. Changing the kinetic energy of the person requires more work from the legs and that process certainly burns more energy.” Seethapathi is a doctoral fellow in mechanical engineering at the university.

For the study, the researchers measured the metabolic cost, or the number of calories people burned, when they changed their walking speeds. In order to do this they had volunteers change their pace while walking on a treadmill. Although the treadmill remained at a constant speed, the participants alternated between quick steps — to stay at the front of the treadmill belt — and slower steps, which kept them at the back.

The study also showed that people tend to walk more slowly when covering short distances, but they increase their pace if they have to walk farther. The researchers said this could be useful information for physical therapists, because they often measure their patients’ progress by the amount of time it takes them to walk a certain distance.

“What we’ve shown is the distance over which you make them walk matters,” said Seethapathi. “You’ll get different walking speeds for different distances. Some people have been measuring these speeds with relatively short distances, which our results suggest, might be systematically underestimating progress.”

The bottom line, according to the researchers: If you want a bigger calorie burn, walk in a way that feels unnatural to you.

“Just do weird things,” said Srinivasan, who also leads the Movement Lab at Ohio State. “Walk with a backpack, walk with weights on your legs. Walk for a while, then stop and repeat that. Walk in a curve as opposed to a straight line.”

The findings were published in the September issue of the journal Biology Letters.

More information

The U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases has more on the health benefits of walking.

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Younger Women Less Likely to Take Meds After Heart Attack

TUESDAY, Oct. 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Younger women who’ve had a heart attack are less likely than men to be taking the appropriate heart medications one year later, new Canadian research shows.

These findings underscore previous studies that show fewer women take these drugs than men. Researchers said this discrepancy has important implications for how doctors approach treatment for younger women who’ve had a heart attack.

“The gender gap in treatment initiation among younger women is an important finding because younger women have much worse outcomes after suffering a heart attack than do men of the same age,” said study co-author Karin Humphries, an associate professor of cardiology at the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver.

“This finding suggests that younger women should be treated aggressively, especially when we have medications that work,” Humphries added in a news release from the American Heart Association.

Following a heart attack, both women and men should take ACE inhibitors, beta blockers and statins to prevent another one. To investigate why younger women are less likely than men to follow the recommended treatment plan, the researchers examined information compiled on more than 12,000 people who had had a heart attack in British Columbia at least one year prior to the study period.

For at least 80 percent of the year after their heart attack, only one-third of the survivors filled all of their prescriptions. Among women younger than 55, just 65 percent started taking all of their medications as prescribed, compared with 75 percent of men of the same age.

“There are two possible reasons why women take fewer cardiovascular medications than men in an outpatient setting,” study author Kate Smolina said in the news release.

“It is either a consequence of physicians’ prescribing behavior, or patients not taking their prescribed medication, or both,” she said. Smolina is a postdoctoral fellow in pharmacoepidemiology and pharmaceutical policy at the Centre for Health Services and Policy Research at the University of British Columbia.

Women who started their treatment as directed were just as likely as men to stick to their treatment plan, the researchers pointed out. They concluded that more emphasis should be placed on how women are treated following a heart attack.

“It is important for both physicians and patients to move away from the traditional thinking that heart disease is a man’s disease,” Smolina said.

“Heart disease in young women has only recently received research attention, so it is possible that physicians and patients still have the incorrect perception that these heart medications pose risks to younger women,” she added.

The findings were published online Oct. 13 in the American Heart Association journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.

More information

The U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has more about heart disease and women.

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