barre

3 Sports Bras for Big Boobs That Actually Work

Is going out for a run, getting into a downward dog, or doing burpees, jumping jacks, and box jumps a pain in the chest? That uncomfortable bouncing is a sign that your sports bra is not supportive enough—something that can not only hold you back during your workout, but can also be bad for your boobs.

Without good support, breasts move up and down during a workout, which overtime can break down the connective tissue in your breasts. A bra that restricts the movement without suffocating you will keep them healthy. The bra should also be made of breathable and moisture-wicking fabric to reduce the risk of any icky bacteria build-up.

RELATED: 13 Sports Bras for All Body Types

We’ve rounded up three great sports bras for large chests that fit these criteria, tailored to the activities you like to do.

For high-impact training

lane-bryant

Livi Active Molded Underwire Sport Bra (starting at $44; lanebryant.com)

If you like to run or do a lot of high-impact training, this is the bra for you. It is designed to give you lots of support with full coverage so you can get right down to the nitty gritty. The thick straps won’t pinch your shoulders, and they are convertible so you can adjust them into a racerback for stealthy support!

For all your cardio training

fullbeauty

fullbeauty SPORT Active Bra (starting at $46; amazon.com)

This sports bra was designed for medium-impact training like the elliptical machine, stair master, walking, hiking, and more. It provides full coverage and features adjustable straps so you can customize the fit perfectly to your needs. Best part: There is a closure in the back so you don’t have to slither out of a sweaty bra post-workout.

RELATED: 12 Sports Bras for All Body Types

Yoga

wacoal-bra

Wacoal Wire-Free Soft Cup Bra (starting at $20; amazon.com)

Made for ultimate comfort, this bra is best-suited for low impact activities. There is no underwire, but the cups are molded to provide enough support. The full coverage design lets you slip into downward dog (or headstand!) without worrying about your girls running loose. You may even be tempted to swap out your regular bra for this super-cozy alternative!




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Antibiotics Often Enough for Kids’ Appendicitis

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Treatment with antibiotics alone can be a safe and effective alternative to surgery for children with uncomplicated acute appendicitis, according to a new study.

The study was led by Dr. Peter Minneci and Dr. Katherine Deans, co-directors of the Center for Surgical Outcomes Research at The Research Institute, part of Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio.

“Surgery has long been the ‘gold standard’ of care for treating appendicitis because by removing the appendix we eliminate the chance that the appendicitis will ever come back,” Deans said in a hospital news release.

“However, early in our careers we noticed that patients with appendicitis who were placed on antibiotics overnight until their surgery the following morning felt better the next day,” she added. “So, Pete and I asked ourselves: do they really need to have surgery?”

Minneci agreed. “Families who choose to treat their child’s appendicitis with antibiotics, even those who ended up with an appendectomy because the antibiotics didn’t work, have expressed that for them it was worth it to try antibiotics to avoid surgery,” he said.

To find out just how effective an antibiotics-alone approach might be, the researchers tracked outcomes for 102 patients aged 7 to 17 who developed uncomplicated acute appendicitis. These cases involved “early/mild” appendicitis — meaning, among other things, that the organ had not ruptured and the child’s abdominal pain had not lasted beyond 48 hours.

Thirty-seven of the children in the study received antibiotics while the other 65 had surgery, the researchers said.

Those in the antibiotics group were admitted to hospital and received intravenous antibiotics for at least 24 hours, and then took antibiotics in pill form for 10 days after they left the hospital.

Nearly all (95 percent) of those patients showed improvement within 24 hours and did not require surgery, the researchers reported.

Two patients in the antibiotics group had to be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days to have their appendix removed. After one year, 75 percent of the patients who received antibiotics did not develop appendicitis again and had not undergone surgery.

Within 30 days of leaving the hospital, rates of appendicitis-related medical care were similar for both groups, the team added.

The findings “reflect the effectiveness of offering non-operative management to patients and their families in clinical practice,” Deans said in the news release.

The fact that the child’s parents help decide between antibiotics and surgery is key, she added.

“Most parents are concerned about having surgery, in general,” Deans said. “They’re also very concerned about anesthesia. Some parents are very concerned about appendicitis coming back. It’s really a matter of aligning your preferences, your values, what you think is most important to you, with the treatment that is best for you and your family.”

One expert stressed, however, that appendicitis presents in many different ways — not all of which are amenable to an antibiotic-only approach.

“Appendicitis, as with any disorder or disease process in medicine, can be very simple or very complex and can encompass a large spectrum of severity, which necessitates different modes of treatment,” explained Dr. Terry Amaral, associate chief of pediatric orthopedic surgery at Cohen Children’s Medical Center in New Hyde Park, N.Y.

“Antibiotics alone can be safe and effective for management of appendicitis,” he said. However, Amaral contends that this is the case in only “a very small subset of patients with this disorder — which requires a careful evaluation of the patient to see if they fall into that subgroup.”

Appendicitis is caused by a bacterial infection of the appendix. It remains the leading reason for emergency surgeries in children, sending more than 70,000 U.S. kids to hospital operating rooms each year, according to the study authors.

The study was published in the Dec. 16 online edition of JAMA Surgery.

More information

The U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases has more about appendicitis.





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ADHD May Hamper Social Relationships Early in Life

By Tara Haelle
HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may experience more problems socializing with their peers, which can then contribute to worsening symptoms, a new study from Norway suggests.

But the cycle between symptoms and social problems seems to diminish as children grow older, the study authors said.

“Restless kids tend to be less attractive as play partners, due to their problems with sustaining attention to rules, being alert to other kids’ ideas and a limited understanding of turn-taking,” said study author Frode Stenseng. Stenseng is an associate professor at the Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare at Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

“Parents or teachers should — at least when it comes to preschool children — try to guide such children in their social play so that they are not so easily excluded,” Stenseng added.

One expert was surprised by the findings.

“Although we have long known that children with ADHD are at increased risk for peer rejection, it is surprising that earlier peer rejection seems to lead down the road to greater ADHD symptoms, suggesting a bi-directional relationship between ADHD symptoms and social functioning,” said Dr. Andrew Adesman, chief of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at Cohen Children’s Medical Center of New York, in New Hyde Park, N.Y.

The findings were published Dec. 16 in the journal Child Development.

In the study, the researchers assessed nearly 1,000 children when they were around 4 years old for symptoms of ADHD. The children’s parents and preschool teachers also filled out questionnaires about the children’s social interactions with their peers.

Then the investigators gathered the same information again when the kids were 6 and 8. The researchers lost track of a little over 300 children during the follow-up process.

To characterize kids’ social interactions, parents and teachers rated how true three statements were for each child: “Not liked by other children/pupils,” “Doesn’t get along with other children/pupils” and “Gets teased a lot.”

When the researchers compared the children’s symptoms and social interactions at ages 4, 6 and 8, they found that kids with the most severe ADHD symptoms also experienced the most rejection from their classmates. At the same time, the more rejection kids experienced at age 4, the worse their ADHD symptoms tended to be by the time they were 6.

But by the time the children were 8, this cycle of peer rejection and worsening ADHD symptoms no longer appeared to exist, the researchers found.

“All children need social interaction with peers, for example to facilitate social competence,” Stenseng said. “When a child is rejected by peers, it may lead to more restlessness, as well as more aggression.”

Understanding why other children do not want to play with them, however, might help lessen these children’s aggression and possibly help them learn strategies to overcome their frustration, Stenseng explained.

“As a parent, one option is to facilitate play and activities in social arenas that their child can master despite his or her inattentiveness, impulsivity and restlessness,” Stenseng said.

“Parents should help their child to find activities, such as sports or other leisure activities, in order to establish social bonds in a context where their child is more comfortable than in the school setting,” Stenseng suggested.

Adesman pointed out that “children with ADHD often struggle with popular team sports such as baseball and soccer, where kids are expected to pay attention even when the ball is not headed their way.”

Instead, he added, “children with ADHD are more likely to do well with team sports like basketball that involve more constant movement and engagement, or individual achievement sports like tennis, swimming, track and martial arts.”

In the meantime, parents and teachers can also help teach children social skills as an important part of managing ADHD behaviors, said Mayra Mendez, a program coordinator for intellectual and developmental disabilities and mental health services at Providence Saint John’s Child and Family Development Center in Santa Monica, Calif.

“Early social skills training is essential to the developing brain of a young child, while social skills training for older children solidifies higher-level understanding of social norms,” said Mendez, who was not involved in the research.

“Social skills training supports awareness of social situations and boundaries, helping children to build on their capacity for self-evaluation, self-regulation and adjustment of their behavior in accordance to the impact they have on others,” Mendez added.

Stenseng stressed that it is also important not to blame the child with ADHD for the difficulties they experience with their peers, but rather to take their diagnosis into consideration and try to understand the child’s feelings.

The researchers did not explore the possible effects of taking medication on this cycle, but it is possible that medication for ADHD could influence the back-and-forth interactions, Stenseng said.

“To the extent that medication reduces symptoms of ADHD, such medication may also reduce children’s likelihood of being rejected by their peers,” Stenseng said. “However, over-medication may also lead to the same detrimental outcome, since no children want play partners with no energy or initiative.”

Adesman agreed that the right amount of medication can help a child with ADHD function better socially.

“This study did not look at medication effects, and most preschool children with ADHD are not being treated with medication,” he explained. “That said, successful treatment of children with ADHD with medication often does result in improved social functioning and peer acceptance.”

More information

For more on ADHD, visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.





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Kids Find Help for Anorexia More Often Than ‘Pro-Ana’ Posts on YouTube

By Alan Mozes
HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — For years, people surfing YouTube may have accidently or intentionally encountered so-called “pro-ana” videos extolling the virtues of a deadly disease: anorexia.

But a new Norwegian study finds that people opposed to these pro-anorexia videos have mounted a response. Now, the vast majority of anorexia-themed videos posted to YouTube actually encourage recovery and warn viewers about the dangers of the eating disorder.

Researchers analyzed the nature of widely viewed anorexia material because of concerns that viewers, especially diet-conscious young girls, might be swayed by videos promoting this unhealthy behavior.

But compared with pro-anorexia videos, “our study showed that anti-anorexia videos were in fact more popular and more positively rated,” said study author Atte Oksanen, a professor of social psychology in the school of social sciences and humanities at the University of Tampere in Finland.

However, “parents should be aware that it is very easy for children to access potentially harmful material by accident,” said Oksanen. “As regulating current social media is very difficult, it is more important that parents provide support for their children when needed.”

The findings appear in a perspective piece published Dec. 16 in the journal Pediatrics.

Eating disorders often appear during the teen years or young adulthood, according to the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health. People with anorexia usually see themselves as overweight, even when they are dangerously underweight, and become obsessive about restricting their eating. Bulimia, another serious eating disorder, involves eating excessive amounts of food and then purging — by vomiting or using laxatives.

The anorexic practice of self-starvation can result in death if the complex disease isn’t treated, experts say. That’s why postings normalizing anorexia are so worrisome.

YouTube, the most popular free, open-access video-sharing site, has more than 1 billion global users, the researchers said. Many are children and adolescents, as the absence of any age or membership requirements means that the site has little to no barrier to access, they noted.

The study team used the “YouTube Data Application Programming Interface” to collect information on the site’s 25 most popular anorexia profiles, both pro and con, between October 2012 and October 2014.

The data included nearly 400 anorexia-themed videos, which received more than 12,000 viewer comments. Though the videos were made in 13 countries; nearly half were from America and 94 percent were from girls, the study found.

A content analysis revealed that anti-anorexia-themed videos — those that encouraged and supported recovery — had registered 4.8 million views. That made them far more popular than pro-anorexia videos, which had registered 1.5 million views, the researchers found.

Anti-anorexia videos also received notably more positive feedback than pro-ana videos, though there was no appreciable difference in the frequency of negative comments between the two, the researchers reported.

The team concluded that YouTube users/viewers are “more likely to encourage recovery than to advocate unhealthy eating practices.”

Still, “parents should be aware of what’s going on online,” Oksanen said. “They should be able to talk with their children about these issues and have open dialogue if needed.”

Scott Campbell, a professor of telecommunications at the University of Michigan, suggested that the findings are in line with what he would have expected.

“What we see is more popularity and support for the anti, or recovery, perspective, which makes sense considering that perspective is more normative,” he said.

The National Eating Disorders Association estimates that in the United States, 20 million women and 10 million men suffer from a significant eating disorder at some time in their life.

More information

There’s more on eating disorders at the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health.





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Deadline Extended for Obamacare Sign-Ups

By Karen Pallarito
HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — Citing heavy last-minute demand, U.S. health officials have extended the deadline to sign up for health insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act that would take effect Jan. 1.

The new deadline is Thursday, Dec. 17 at 11:59 p.m. PST, officials said late Tuesday.

The final sign-up deadline is Jan. 31. But, for coverage to take effect on Jan. 1, you must enroll by Dec. 17.

Most Americans who don’t sign up for coverage under the health care law, sometimes called Obamacare, face rising penalties for remaining uninsured.

“Hundreds of thousands have already selected plans over the last few days, and approximately 1 million of you have left contact information to hold your place in line,” according to a statement on HealthCare.gov, the federal registration website that also covers 38 states. “We want to make sure all of you have access to affordable coverage. This additional 48 hours will give you a chance to come back and complete your enrollment for coverage starting January 1.

“If you provided your contact information on the web or at our call center, we’ll send you an email or call you when we’re ready for you to come back and finish enrolling,” the statement added.

The remaining 12 states handle their own enrollment through state-run insurance marketplaces.

If you take more time to enroll, your coverage won’t take effect immediately. Say, if you enroll or switch plans by Jan. 15, your coverage will take effect Feb. 1. If you put it off until the latter part of January, you won’t have coverage until March 1.

In a recent blog post, Kevin Counihan, CEO of HealthCare.gov, the federal health insurance marketplace, said there will be no special enrollment period around the federal tax-filing deadline, as there was for 2015.

So, if you miss the Jan. 31 sign-up deadline, you may have to wait another year to get coverage, he said.

Cynthia Cox, associate director of health reform and private insurance at the Kaiser Family Foundation in Washington, D.C., said, “Between now and a year from now, who knows what could happen and how your health might change.”

Under the Affordable Care Act, most Americans must maintain health coverage or pay a fine. And, this time around, the penalties for not getting health insurance are steeper than in the previous two open-enrollment periods.

People who can afford coverage but choose to go without it (and don’t qualify for an exemption from the law) will pay a penalty of at least $695 when they file their 2016 federal taxes in 2017.

The Kaiser Family Foundation published a brief this month showing how the penalties shake out for the remaining uninsured.

Roughly 11 million uninsured people are eligible to enroll in a marketplace health plan, either with or without federal tax subsidies to lower their monthly premiums. The average penalty for remaining uninsured in 2016 is an estimated $969 per household, an increase of 47 percent from 2015.

Among subsidy-eligible people, the average penalty is $738 per household, the foundation estimates, while people who don’t qualify for subsidies will face an average penalty of $1,450.

However, the foundation’s analysis also shows, for 7.1 million of the 11 million uninsured, paying the penalty will cost less than buying the least expensive Obamacare plan available to them.

Cox explained that the penalties were crafted to strike a balance between encouraging people to purchase insurance and avoiding overly punitive measures for those who missed sign-up deadlines or didn’t understand the benefit of purchasing insurance.

But even if it’s cheaper to pay the penalty, having health insurance provides financial protection, she said.

“Having that coverage can mean saving money over the course of the year for doctor visits that you otherwise would have to pay out-of-pocket for, or if you were to have a significant illness or accident,” Cox said.

Michael Stahl is a senior vice president with HealthMarkets, Inc., in Dallas/Fort Worth, one of the nation’s largest health insurance agencies serving individuals. He said, “You have to factor in what going uninsured means to you from a health standpoint and financially as well.”

There are alternatives to ACA coverage, like bare-bones, limited-duration “short-term” health plans, Stahl said. But these plans don’t provide the same protections or level of coverage as Obamacare health plans do. Plus, they do not meet “minimum essential coverage” standards under the health law, so you would still have to pay a penalty, he said.

“Honestly, for most people, an ACA plan is the right plan,” Stahl said.

Federal health officials are encouraging people who signed up for 2015 coverage to review their options again because they might save money by switching to a new health plan.

However, in most cases, current enrollees who do nothing will be automatically re-enrolled in the same health plan, if it’s available, or a similar health plan, if the same plan is not offered.

“There are plenty of people who are being non-renewed this year,” meaning their health plans won’t be offered in 2016 because the health insurer pulled out of the market or went out of business, Stahl added. “So plenty of people have to switch, and you want to do that without a gap in coverage,” he said.

State exchanges tend to follow the same enrollment deadlines as HealthCare.gov.

More information

Are you eligible for marketplace coverage? Visit HealthCare.gov.





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10 Biggest Workout Trends of 2015, According to Google

Photo: Getty Images

Photo: Getty Images

On Wednesday, Google released their annual Year in Search data for 2015, which included a list of the fitness trends that experienced the biggest spike in search traffic this year compared to the year prior. Although last year’s list was dominated by intense, seriously sweat-inducing workouts like P90X and Body Beast, 2015 saw a shift towards mindfulness with yoga nabbing four of the top ten spots, along with newer trends such as OrangeTheory Fitness (above). If you need some inspiration to kick-start your 2016 fitness goals, look no further.

1. Yoga with Adriene

Adriene Mishler is an online yoga teacher who has amassed a devoted following through her popular YouTube channel and blog, yogawithadriene.com. The Austin, Texas native (and professional actress by training) discovered yoga when she took a Kundalini yoga class her freshman year of college. Although Mishler shares a variety of stand-alone tutorials on YouTube (from yoga for wrist pain to weight-loss yoga), she is known for her “30 Days of Yoga” challenge, a free, downloadable PDF calendar with daily workouts. “Every day [in the challenge] is different,” she says in an introduction video. “They’re all designed to empower you and help you create a home practice so you can find what feels good daily.”

RELATED: 24 Fat-Burning Exercises (No Crunches!)

2. Yoga Challenge

Yoga Challenge, another popular online yoga program, was founded by Kino MacGregor and Kerri Verna. The fitness trainers have harnessed the power of their social media platforms (both MacGregor and Verna boast 900,000 Instagram followers) to create video-based workouts to help people practice yoga at home. The duo’s introductory Beginner Yoga Plan includes 14 video sessions that cover strength, flexibility, meditation, and breathing for $60.

RELATED: 18 Moves to Tone Your Butt, Thighs, and Legs

3. 21 Day Fix

21 Day Fix is a workout plan that also incorporates nutritional guidance. The program, which was created by celebrity fitness trainer Autumn Calabrese, sells an “Essential Package” ($73, amazon.com) that’s centered around color-coded containers intended to make it easier for you to consume pre-measured portions of food. The package also includes seven 30-minute workout videos and additional resources such as a 21 Day Fix Eating Plan and 3 Day Quick Fix.

RELATED: Strength Moves That Burn Fat

4. CrossFit

Although CrossFit isn’t new (the fitness company launched back in 2000), it has continued to grow in popularity and now offers classes around the world. The notoriously challenging workout consists of a series of short exercises that are completed one after the other, such as sprints, box jumps, squats, pull-ups, and burpees. The intense workout may even elevate your metabolic rate for up to 48 hours after a session has ended, increasing lean muscle mass and helping you burn more calories. Thinking of joining the movement? Here are seven important things to know before your first class.

RELATED: 5 Fitness Trends That Are Having a Moment

5. Team Beachbody

Team Beachbody is a healthy living community that offers fitness plans, nutrition tips, and wellness products. Although you can become a member for free, most of the features can’t be accessed without signing up for the program’s premium membership ($39 a quarter), which gives you video streaming, personalized meal plans, and a coach to offer support and motivation.

RELATED: 20 Ways to Do a Plank

6. Back Workouts

Having a strong back is essential for maintaining good posture, especially for people who suffer from lower back pain. This workout plan from celebrity trainer Kathy Kaehler can help you strengthen and tone your back muscles to give your posture a boost, while these moves from physical therapist Renée Garrison are particularly useful for warding off lower back pain (bonus: they’ll work your core, too!).

RELATED: 10 Exercises for Healthy Knees

7. Orangetheory Fitness

Orangetheory Fitness is an interval-training studio that offers 60-minute sessions of indoor rowing, treadmill training, and weight training designed to help your body burn calories even after the class has ended. Because every session uses heart rate monitoring, the intensity of each workout adjusts to your specific abilities. The company has expanded quickly since its 2010 launch and now has studios in 36 states, as well as Australia, Canada, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico, and the U.K.

RELATED: 11 Fitness Foods to Help You Get in Shape Faster

8. Kettlebell

Kettlebell workouts made this list for the second year in a row—and for good reason. A cast-iron weight attached to a handle, kettlebells can help you build serious strength and power in your workouts. Incorporating them into an already-challenging move (such as squats or a plank) will burn extra calories in a short amount of time. Here, our top kettlebell exercises to help you tone your whole body.

RELATED: 13 Sports Bras for All Body Types

9. Yoga for Kids

Kids who get regular physical activity experience a slew of important health benefits, and strengthening exercises such as yoga could help: in a 2014 study, kids with stronger muscles were found to have a lower risk for developing conditions like heart disease and diabetes. If your children are interested in trying yoga, ask your local studio if they offer any classes targeted at kids. You can also find many (free!) tutorials on YouTube—the Yoga Today channel has a great ten-minute tutorial that’s perfect for little ones.

RELATED: The Best Yoga Poses for Your Trouble Spots

10. Asana Yoga

There are many different kinds of yoga, and finding the right class for you can be challenging. However, the term “Asana Yoga” usually refers to the different poses used in a practice rather than a specific type of yoga (such as Hatha or Yin). If you’re new to yoga, get started with our top poses for people who aren’t flexible or best relaxing yoga moves.




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Should New Moms Eat Their Placenta?

Photo: Getty Images

Photo: Getty Images

Kim Kardashian West shared she’s once again taking placenta pills after the recent birth of her second child, Saint. In a new post on her website, the Keeping Up with the Kardashians star says she found success staving off postpartum depression with the pills after welcoming North, and “definitely had to do it again.”

“I had great results and felt so energized and didn’t have any signs of depression,” she explained in the post, as reported by People. “Every time I take a pill, I feel a surge of energy and feel really healthy and good. I totally recommend it for anyone considering it!”

RELATED: 10 Foods Pregnant Women Shouldn’t Eat

For the unfamiliar, the concept of eating the placenta—the organ that develops during pregnancy to provide nutrients to the fetus via the umbilical cord—is to fill up on the helpful hormones it contains that drop 
in the days and weeks after birth. Why? Proponents of the trend claim it can not only help alleviate postpartum depression, or “baby blues,” but it may also boost energy and breast milk production, and even speed up your post-pregnancy slim down.

And Kardashian isn’t the only fan; celeb moms including January Jones, Alicia Silverstone, and Transparent star Gaby Hoffmann have also done the placenta-eating deed. (Hoffmann blended her’s into smoothies!)

But is it actually healthy or hype? Health‘s contributing medical editor, Roshini Rajapaksa, MD, previously weighed in on the matter. Her verdict: While there are many anecdotal accounts from women having beneficial experiences eating it up (cue Kim K.!), there’s no scientific research to back them up. And other experts agree. Earlier this year, a team of researchers from Northwestern University in Chicago pored over accumulated research about ingesting placenta and concluded there isn’t a single scientific benefit of eating placenta.

RELATED: 10 Bogus Health Trends That Waste Your Time

What’s more, those researchers said no studies exist that examine the risks associated with eating placenta. According to Dr. Rajapaksa, you could theoretically end up eating harmful substances that could lead to an infection because the placenta acts as a filter during pregnancy, removing waste and keeping bacteria away from the baby. The risks may be even greater if the placenta isn’t frozen or refrigerated within an hour or two after giving birth, or it’s mishandled during that time period.

Are harmful side effects of eating placenta very likely? Probably not. But without hard scientific evidence to argue for or against the after-birth ritual, it may just result in a placebo effect either way.

 




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Girls Given Risky Meds Don’t Get Contraceptive Advice

By Randy Dotinga
HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — New research from a Midwestern hospital suggests a wide majority of teen girls and young women fail to get information about contraceptives when they take medications that could cause birth defects.

At issue are so-called “teratogenic” medications, used for conditions ranging from acne to anxiety, that boost the risk of birth defects when taken during pregnancy.

Physicians often tell sexually active women to take birth control while they’re on the drugs to avoid becoming pregnant, but it’s unclear whether younger females routinely get the same kind of guidance.

In the new study, researchers examined the medical records of nearly 1,700 females aged 14 to 25 who received just over 4,500 prescriptions for teratogenic medications in more than 4,100 visits from 2008-2012. All the participants had visited a large, unidentified pediatric medical center in the Midwest.

“Seventy percent of teens prescribed these medications likely did not receive important information, leaving them at risk should they become pregnant,” noted the study’s lead author, Stephani Stancil, a nurse practitioner with Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics in Kansas City, Mo.

“There is a huge opportunity for improvement,” she said.

The five most commonly prescribed teratogenic drugs, in descending order, were topiramate (Topamax), which treats seizures and migraine headaches; methotrexate (Trexall, Rasuvo), a cancer drug; diazepam (Valium, Diastat), a tranquilizer for anxiety; isotretinoin (Claravis, Sotret, Myorisan), a drug for severe acne; and enalapril (Vasotec), which treats high blood pressure.

“Many of the medications in our study are used to treat chronic conditions where a safer alternative may not be appropriate or feasible,” Stancil noted.

Physicians also prescribed a variety of other drugs that could cause side effects, including several that are commonly used for anxiety like clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan) and alprazolam (Xanax).

The researchers pored over the medical records in search of indications that the physicians talked to the patients — with an average age of 16 — about contraception. Overall, physicians appeared to discuss birth control during only 29 percent of office visits.

Among the three types of doctors most likely to prescribe these drugs, 47 percent of dermatologists reported talking about birth control while only 16 percent of neurologists and 28 percent of cancer doctors did, the researchers reported.

Laura Borgelt, an associate dean at the University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Aurora, said specialist physicians may assume that a patient’s primary doctor would be handling discussions about contraception. “The specialist might not be the one to prescribe the birth control pill, but it’s important to discuss what the concerns are and why being on a contraceptive is so important,” she noted.

The study does leave some unanswered questions: It’s not clear how often physicians simply talked to their patients about the risk of birth defects without talking about contraception. Nor is it known whether any of the females in the study became pregnant, making it unclear whether any failures to discuss contraception lead to birth defects.

What to do?

“Discussing the risk of causing birth defects should go hand-in-hand with discussing ways to reduce this risk,” Stancil said. Indeed, the study contends that it’s “unacceptable” for physicians to prescribe these drugs in these cases without discussing a patient’s sexual history. A proper discussion, Stancil said, would include details about abstinence, condom use and birth control pills.

It is also not clear if physicians within church-affiliated medical systems — like Catholic hospitals — would be more likely to avoid discussions of contraception due to religious beliefs. According to Stancil, the children’s hospital in the study is not affiliated with a religious organization.

Moving forward, raising more awareness of these issues among physicians is a “good first step” toward better care, Stancil said. She added that researchers are developing ways for health care providers to ask questions more efficiently and provide recommendations to patients.

Dr. Catherine Stika, an associate professor of clinical obstetrics and gynecology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, said doctors “have to take responsibility for the broader medical effects of the drugs they are prescribing.”

Better education of physicians can help, she added, especially regarding contraceptive options and the risk in some cases that these kinds of medications will reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraception like birth control pills.

Also, she said, electronic health records could alert physicians to issues involving these medications and information sheets given to patients could include bolder warnings.

The study appears in the January 2016 issue of Pediatrics.

More information

For more about drugs that can cause birth defects, try the Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin.





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High School Seniors Now More Likely to Smoke Pot Than Cigarettes: Survey

By Steven Reinberg
HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) — For the first time, more U.S. high school seniors are smoking marijuana than tobacco, a new survey shows.

Daily marijuana use remained relatively stable at 6 percent, while those seniors who said they smoked cigarettes every day dropped from 6.7 percent in 2014 to 5.5 percent, the researchers found.

The same trend has been seen on college campuses, with a recent report showing that more college students (6 percent) now smoke a joint each day than light up a cigarette (5 percent).

“While we have seen no increase in marijuana use, we continue to see deterioration in the perceived riskiness of marijuana,” said Dr. Wilson Compton, deputy director at the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). “That often has been a predictor of greater use of marijuana in future years.”

NIDA funded the survey, which was conducted by researchers at the University of Michigan.

Dr. Scott Krakower, assistant unit chief of psychiatry at Zucker Hillside Hospital in Glen Oaks, N.Y., said the perception that marijuana isn’t harmful is due to several factors.

These include teens seeing it being used to treat certain medical conditions and being legalized around the country. “With the drug being legalized, parents may see it as being less harmful as well,” he said. “We are definitely going to see increased marijuana use.”

But Krakower said marijuana can be harmful. “Marijuana can harm thinking and memory, lower IQ and increase mental problems, especially among teens,” he said. “As marijuana becomes legal, it will have to be controlled like cigarettes.”

Compton noted that he has seen a great deal of positive news about drug use trends among youth.

“We are seeing a drop in the use of prescription painkillers,” he said. “The numbers are way down from what they were just five years ago.”

Cigarette use among teens is at the lowest levels ever, Compton said. “The news about other forms of tobacco is not as good, and remains of great concern,” he said. Moreover, the use of e-cigarettes is much higher than a year ago.

The new report, which was released Dec. 16, included data from nearly 45,000 students from close to 400 public and private schools in the United States. The survey measures drug use and attitudes among eighth-, 10th- and 12th-graders.

“While we have seen good news in many areas, there is still a lot of work to be done,” Compton said.

Highlights in the report include:

  • Use of illegal drugs other than marijuana is down among all high school students. Among high school seniors, more than 38 percent said they used an illicit drug in the past year, with 15 percent saying they used an illicit drug other than marijuana.
  • Belief that marijuana is risky continues to decline, with almost 32 percent of seniors saying it could be harmful, compared with 36 percent last year.
  • Use of synthetic marijuana is at 5.2 percent among seniors, down from 11.4 percent in 2011.
  • Use of heroin is at an all-time low at 0.3 percent for eighth-graders and 0.5 percent for 10th- and 12th-graders.
  • Use of MDMA (known as Ecstasy or Molly) and LSD is generally stable or down. In 2015, more than 3 percent of seniors said they used MDMA, compared with 5 percent in 2014.
  • Nonmedical use of Adderall, typically given to treat ADHD, remains high, at 7.5 percent among seniors.
  • Use of prescription narcotic painkillers continues to drop, with just over 4 percent of high school seniors using Vicodin, down from 10.5 percent in 2003.
  • Cigarette smoking has declined among teens. For example, tobacco use among 10th-graders has dropped nearly 55 percent in five years, going from 6.6 percent to 3 percent this year.
  • Rates of other tobacco products and e-cigarettes, while not significantly changed from 2014, remain high, with almost 20 percent of 12th-graders using hookahs, 16 percent using e-cigarettes and close to 16 percent using little cigars.
  • About twice as many boys as girls are using e-cigarettes, 21.5 percent versus almost 11 percent.
  • Alcohol use continues to decline. About 17 percent of 12th-graders report binge drinking, down from just over 19 percent last year.

More information

Visit the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse for more on teens and drugs.





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The Top 10 Calorie Count Searches for 2015

top-calorie-searches-2015

Ever been at a restaurant and Googled something on the menu to find out how many calories it would cost you? You’re not alone.

You already know what the highest-calorie meals are at popular chain restaurants, as well as the saltiest. But when it comes to counting calories, which foods are people most concerned about ordering? On Wednesday, Google released their annual Year in Search data, the top search terms that spiked in 2015 compared to the year before. One of those categories was the Top Trending Calorie Searches—a mix of the restaurant menu items, supermarket buys, and general foods that people were most curious about this year. Here, the ten most-searched for foods on the list, along with nutritional information for each item.

RELATED: 17 Ways to Burn More Calories All Day

1. Toasted Graham Latte

Photo: Starbucks

Photo: Starbucks

This fall, Starbucks debuted the Toasted Graham Latte, the coffee chain’s first new autumn espresso beverage in four years. With sweet cream, steamed milk, and graham cracker crumbles, this decadent drink clocks in at 300 calories for a 16 oz. Grande cup with 2% milk.

 RELATED: 25 Fattening Foods You Should Never Eat

2. Palm Breeze

Photo: drinkpalmbreeze.com

Photo: drinkpalmbreeze.com

From the makers of Mike’s Hard Lemonade, Palm Breeze Sparkling Alcohol Spritz is a 4.5% alcoholic beverage that was released in early 2015 and targeted at women. Each can will set you back 222 calories.

RELATED: America’s Top 10 Healthiest Fast Food Restaurants

3. Starbucks Flat White

Photo: Starbucks

Photo: Starbucks

Starbucks released their own version of the coffee drink (which is said to have originated in Australia) in early 2015. One 16 oz. Grande cup with whole milk and espresso contains 220 calories.

RELATED: 24 Fast Food Breakfasts That Aren’t Terrible for You

4. Grilled Stuft Nachos

tacobell-grilled-stuft-nachos

Photo: Twitter / Taco Bell

Taco Bell’s popular Grilled Stuft Nachos (essentially a large tortilla filled with beef, sour cream, cheese, and jalapeño sauce) returned to the fast food chain’s menu this past spring. The portable nachos were only available for a limited time and as a result, Taco Bell no longer has their nutritional information on the website. However, the nachos clocked in at 570 calories per order.

RELATED: 11 Foods That Make You Hungrier

5. Little Caesars Bacon Wrapped Deep Dish

little-caesars

In February of this year, the fast food chain announced that they would be releasing a bacon-wrapped version of their popular Deep Dish pizza. The item was only available for a limited time, so its calorie counts are no longer available on the Little Caesars website. However, according to multiple news outlets, each cheesy, bacon-wrapped slice contained 450 calories. This number makes sense given the calorie counts listed by Little Caesars for their regular Deep Dish cheese and Deep Dish pepperoni pizzas are 320 and 350 calories per serving, respectively.

RELATED: 31 Superfood Secrets for a Long and Healthy Life

6. Digiorno Pizza

digiorno

You’ve probably spotted Digiorno in the freezer aisle at your local supermarket. The frozen pizza brand sells a variety of pies, from crispy to cheese-stuffed crust, but their most popular variety is the Original Rising Crust. According to the company’s website, one serving of the basic Four Cheese Original Rising Crust pizza contains 310 calories. That number increases when you opt for toppings (320 for Pepperoni and 350 for Italian Sausage, for example).

RELATED: 16 Salt-Free Flavor Boosters

7. Cheeseburger

burger-junk-food-400x400

The answer to this question differs depending on the restaurant. At McDonald’s, a basic cheeseburger will set you back 300 calories; at Burger King, 270 calories; and at Wendy’s, 280 calories. Looking to satisfy your cravings in a healthier way? Try our Guilt-Free Cheeseburger recipe, which is made with better-for-you 90% lean sirloin, fresh salsa, and grated extra-sharp cheddar cheese.

RELATED: 13 Meals That Are Saltier Than You Realize

8. Starbucks Birthday Cake Frappuccino

starbucks-birthday-cake-frappuccino

The Starbucks Frappuccino rang in its 20th birthday this year. To celebrate, the coffee chain released a (very) limited-edition Birthday Cake Frappuccino made with vanilla bean, hazelnut, and raspberry flavors. Although the beverage went off the menu after a mere four days, a Starbucks spokesperson told YouBeauty that a tall cup made with whole milk contained 280 calories.

RELATED: The 9 Highest-Calorie Meals at Chain Restaurants

9. Coney Island Hard Root Beer

coney-island

According to Cherokee Distributing Company, which distributes Coney Island Hard Root Beer, the Malt beverage contains 180 calories per bottle.

RELATED: 8 High-Sodium Bloat Bombs at Chain Restaurants

10. Hollandaise Sauce

Photo: Getty Images

Photo: Getty Images

The quintessential condiment for Egg’s Benedict, Hollandaise sauce is made with egg yolks, butter, and lemon juice. According to MyFitnessPal, a 2 oz. serving adds 145 calories to your brunch order. Want the creamy, lemon-y flavor with fewer calories? Try our “Mock” Hollandaise Sauce recipe, which uses margarine instead of butter.




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