In the Future You Might Be Able to Take Ibuprofen Via a Skin Patch

Photo: University of Warwick

Someday soon, treating aches and pains like a sore back or arthritis could be a lot easier—and more effective. Researchers at the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom have developed an adhesive ibuprofen skin patch that delivers a high dose of pain relief for up to 12 hours at a time.

RELATED: 9 Medications That Can Cause Heartburn

The British researchers said in a press release that the technology they’ve produced along with the bioadhesives company Medherant could change the way over-the-counter pain relief medications are sold. While medical patches and gels aren’t new, Medherant says their technology offers improved effectiveness and design: The transparent, “highly tacky” patches stay in place on skin throughout the day, but are still easy to remove. They also deliver a higher (but consistent) dose of medication—five to 10 times that of similar products.

This could be big news for everyone, but especially chronic pain sufferers. Because the patch can be applied directly onto a pain source, it may be more effective than oral pills for combating pain in a specific area. It could also allow people who must regularly take high doses of ibuprofen painkillers to avoid potential side effects like an upset stomach, irregular heartbeat, or increased risk of heart attack and stroke.

RELATED: 27 Mistakes Healthy People Make

Medherant CEO Nigel Davis said that the ibuprofen patches will be hopefully available as over-the-counter products in about two years, adding that this new technology could potentially be used with a variety of medications in the future. “In addition to our pain relief products, our technology also works with drugs in many other therapeutic areas,” he said. “We can see considerable opportunities in working with pharmaceutical companies to develop innovative products using our next generation transdermal drug-delivery platform.”

RELATED: 15 Natural Back Pain Remedies
“This patch technology is very exciting,” says Houman Danesh, MD, director of Integrative Pain Management at The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City.  “When you apply the patch to an area locally, there’s a lower risk of side effects like heart attack and stroke, because less of the medication is absorbed systemically.”

There are a few similar patches out there, says Dr. Danesh, including a fentanyl patch, which is an opiate, a licodaine patch, which is a numbing medication, and a diclofenac patch, also called the Flector patch, which is for acute pain.

What’s exciting about this patch is that it’s see-through (while some other patches are white, for example), says Dr. Danesh, and “it seems like the technology is a stronger adhesive that will stay put on the area you apply it for longer without leaving any residue,” he says. “The major challenge is if insurance companies will cover the cost of the medication.”

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Thinking of Getting an IUD? Here’s What to Expect

Photo: Getty Images

I’m considering getting an IUD, but will the insertion be really painful?

Don’t worry: The insertion process for the IUD (which stands for intrauterine device) is quick and typically not very painful. While the doctor is inserting the device through your cervical canal into your uterus, you may feel a pinch, poke or deep cramping; the feeling usually goes away within a few minutes. Some women also feel nauseated or dizzy and need to stay lying down in the doctor’s office for a short period afterward. Taking an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory one to two hours prior to the insertion can help ease the pain.

RELATED: 12 Types of Birth Control

If pelvic or abdominal pain or tenderness continues after the procedure, let your doctor know. Sometimes the IUD can move out of place or perforate the uterine wall or cervix. This is super rare, but obviously not something you would want to miss.

Though getting an IUD put in may sound scary, it can be an excellent choice for many women. In fact, a new report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services revealed that the percentage of women who choose long-acting reversible contraception, or LARC—which includes IUDs and hormonal implants—has nearly doubled in recent years (though the pill is still the most popular method).

Health‘s medical editor, Roshini Rajapaksa, MD, is associate professor of medicine at the NYU School of Medicine and co-founder of Tula Skincare.

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Treatment for ‘Weak Heart’ in Dogs Shows Promise

SUNDAY, Jan. 17, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Researchers say they’ve developed an experimental treatment for a serious heart condition in dogs that might one day benefit people.

Dogs and humans have similar cardiovascular systems and both can develop dilated cardiomyopathy, also known as “weak heart,” according to researchers from the University of Washington and the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada.

The condition causes the heart muscle to become too weak to pump blood throughout the body, and eventually leads to heart failure, according to background notes with the study. It’s suspected that malfunctioning proteins cause the heart to weaken.

The cause of dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown, but genetics are believed to play a role, the researchers said. The condition is inherited in many dogs, and 30 percent to 50 percent of cases in people are inherited, the study authors noted.

In this study, the researchers tested an experimental treatment in heart muscle cells from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. The therapy consisted of placing a molecule involved in muscle contraction into the cells. The treatment restored normal function in the dogs’ heart cells, the researchers found.

“This suggests it’s a promising therapeutic approach worth further investigating for the treatment of [dilated cardiomyopathy],” Dr. Lynne O’Sullivan, a clinical cardiologist at Ontario Veterinary College of the University of Guelph, said in a university news release.

The next step is to develop a gene therapy to trigger production of the molecule in heart muscle cells, she and her colleagues said.

The researchers said they also uncovered some problems in the heart muscle that could contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy.

It’s important to note, however, that research in animals often isn’t replicated in humans.

The study was published in the January issue of the American Journal of Physiology.

In dogs, the condition is most common in large breeds, such as Doberman pinschers, Irish wolfhounds and Great Danes, the researchers said. Often, no symptoms are evident until the disease is advanced.

More information

The American Heart Association has more about dilated cardiomyopathy.

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It’s OK to Snuggle Your Pet When You’re Sick, Doc Says

SATURDAY, Jan. 16, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Cuddling with your dog or cat when you have a cold or flu is safe for both of you, an infectious-disease expert says.

Your furry friends won’t catch or spread human viruses, said Dr. William Schaffner, professor of preventive medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville.

“The pet is a comfort, not a hazard,” Schaffner said in a university news release. “And you can’t get a cold or the flu from your dog or cat,” he added. It’s also unlikely that anyone who pets the dog or cat after you will catch your cold or flu virus.

Other people are the real threat when it comes to transmitting colds and flu viruses, Schaffner explained.

“Flu is transmitted person-to-person through close personal contact. If you get within my breathing zone, within three feet, I can transfer the influenza virus to you. I breathe it out, you breathe it in, and you can be infected,” Schaffner said.

Cold and flu viruses can also be transmitted by handshaking and other person-to-person contact, or picked up from surfaces such as doorknobs, he said.

“People should wash their hands often and use hand sanitizer. Also, when flu is rampant in the community, greet friends with an elbow bump rather than a handshake,” Schaffner suggested.

He also emphasized the importance of getting a flu shot.

More information

The American Academy of Family Physicians has more about colds and the flu.

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CDC Warns Pregnant Women to Avoid 14 Countries in the Americas

By Steven Reinberg
HealthDay Reporter

FRIDAY, Jan. 15, 2016 (HealthDay News) — U.S. health officials issued a travel warning late Friday for 14 countries and territories exposed to the mosquito-borne Zika virus, which has been linked to a torrent of birth defects in Brazil.

The travel alert targets pregnant women and those who want to become pregnant and follows reports that thousands of babies in Brazil were born last year with microcephaly, a brain disorder experts associate with Zika exposure. Babies with the condition have abnormally small heads, resulting in developmental issues and in some cases death.

The alert, from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, lists the following countries and regions in Central and South America and the Caribbean: Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela, and Puerto Rico.

The alert recommends that women who are pregnant postpone travel to those areas, and that women wanting to become pregnant consult their doctors before setting out on any trip to those areas. In all cases, the alert said, women should take steps to avoid mosquito bites.

“We believe this is a fairly serious problem,” Dr. Lyle Petersen, director of the CDC’s Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, said during an evening press conference Friday.

“The virus is spreading fairly rapidly throughout the Americas and a large percentage of the population may become infected,” he said. “Because of the growing evidence that there is a link between Zika virus and microcephaly, we thought it was very important to warn people as soon as possible.”

Petersen said he has no idea when the travel advisory will be lifted, noting it is likely to still be in effect when the summer Olympics begin in Brazil in August.

“It’s a dynamic situation and we are just going to have to wait and see how it all plays out,” he said. “It’s really impossible for us to speculate what will happen.”

Although new test results provide new evidence of a link between Zika and microcephaly, it isn’t known if Zika alone is responsible or if other risk factors might be involved, Petersen said, adding more studies are planned to examine the link.

Between 2007 and 2014, 14 cases of Zika virus were confirmed among travelers returning to the United States from South America, Petersen said. In 2015 and so far in 2016, 12 cases have been diagnosed, he added.

The government action follows reports that at least 3,500 cases of microcephaly appeared in Brazil between October 2015 and January 2016, the CDC said.

A CDC news release added: “CDC scientists tested samples provided by Brazilian health authorities from two pregnancies that ended in miscarriage and from two infants with diagnosed microcephaly who died shortly after birth. For the two full-term infants, tests showed that Zika virus was present in the brain. Genetic sequence analysis showed that the virus in the four cases was the same as the Zika virus strain currently circulating in Brazil. All four mothers reported having experienced a fever and rash illness consistent with Zika virus disease (Zika) during their pregnancies. “

Dr. Marc Siegel, an associate professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City, thinks a travel warning is wise, but said people shouldn’t assume they will get infected if they visit Brazil.

“It’s extremely rare, but it’s not impossible for a pregnant woman to get Zika on a trip to Brazil,” he noted in comments made before the alert was issued.

Meanwhile, the World Health Organization is reportedly conducting research to determine how Zika affects fetuses. Brazilian health officials think the greatest risk of microcephaly and malformations happens during the first trimester of pregnancy.

The Zika virus is spread by the Aedes mosquito — the same one that carries other diseases that infect humans, including yellow fever, West Nile, chikungunya and dengue.

The virus typically causes relatively mild symptoms — fever, headache, skin rash, red eyes and muscle aches, according to the CDC. Symptoms usually clear up within a few days. There is no vaccine or specific drug to treat this virus.

Besides South America and Puerto Rico, outbreaks of Zika virus have been reported in the past in Africa and Southeast Asia.

More information

For more information on Zika virus, visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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How Worried Should You Be About the Zika Virus? An Expert Explains

Photo: Getty Images

Itchy bug bites are the worst. But now there’s another reason you may want to slather on repellant: the mosquito-borne Zika virus, which has been spreading through Latin America and the Caribbean and just showed up in the U.S. On January 11, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) confirmed a case in Houston, in someone who had recently traveled abroad.

“Viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes tend to spread explosively,” says Greg Ebel, PhD, an associate professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology at Colorado State University. Zika could become the next West Nile or Chikungunya virus, he says. (According to the CDC, there have been more than 1.7 million suspected cases of Chikungunya in the Americas since late 2013.)

So, is it time to panic? Ebel says he doesn’t see the Zika virus becoming a huge problem in the U.S., where most people are able to stay away from mosquitoes. And Zika isn’t deadly. In fact, the symptoms are usually mild—fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis (red eyes)—and may last up to a week, according to the CDC. The treatment  is similar to what you’d do for a cold: get plenty of rest, stay hydrated, and take Tylenol to relieve fever and pain.

Basically, if you’re infected, you hang on the couch for a couple of days. But it’s pregnant women who need to be cautious: The Zika outbreak in Brazil has been linked to microcephaly—a neurodevelopmental disorder in which an infant’s head is smaller than normal. The Pan American Health Organization says cases of microcephaly in Brazil increased 20-fold last year.

RELATED: Unsolicited Pregnancy Advice, Examined

Lyle R. Petersen, MD, director of vector-borne diseases at the CDC, told the New York Times earlier this week that the agency had found the Zika virus in tissue from four Brazilian babies: Two died in the womb, and two had microcephaly and died shortly after birth.

The CDC hasn’t yet advised pregnant women not to travel to Brazil or anywhere else the virus is present. But the agency may issue a warning soon, according to the New York Times.

Ebel thinks it would be a good idea: “The bottom line is you should keep away from mosquitoes,” he explains. “Anyone’s risk of getting Zika is miniscule. But if you’re pregnant, why would you go to an area where the virus is spreading like crazy and there’s a small chance of getting an infection that results in a birth defect?”

RELATED: 10 Foods Pregnant Women Shouldn’t Eat

If you are headed to a place known to have Zika, preventing mosquito bites is key. That means using bug sprays and creams containing the ingredients DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus or PMD, per the CDC. (All are safe to use when pregnant, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.) If you opt for DEET, the CDC recommends products with concentrations between 20% and 50%. Also: Try to keep your skin covered up, with long-sleeved shirts, pants, hats, and boots. And sleep under a mosquito net if your accommodations aren’t air-conditioned or screened in.

These measures will help protect you—and potentially your partner too. According to a surprising 2011 case study published in Emerging Infectious Diseases, the Zika virus may also be sexually transmitted. Bring on the bug spray.

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What to Say to That One Friend Who’s Always Criticizing Her Body

Photo: Getty Images

Picture this scene from the movie Mean Girls: the four “Plastics” gather together in Regina’s room, staring at themselves in a mirror. “My hips are huge,” Karen squeals. “Oh please. I hate my calves,” says Gretchen. “At least you guys can wear halters. I’ve got man shoulders,” Regina chimes in. Then of course, there’s the lead, Cady, who hilariously brings up her morning breath.

 

It’s funny because we’ve all been there at some point—listening to one of our friends pick apart every aspect of her anatomy, criticizing even the most seemingly absurd flaw. In fact, according to one 2011 survey, 93 percent of college-aged women engage in negative discussions about their own bodies and others’. While it may seem harmless at times, research has linked this type of “fat talk” with body dissatisfaction—not only for individuals who engage in it, but also for those who hear friend’s critiques. However, research has also shown that when friends intervene, they can help prevent negative self-image.

So what should you say or do when a friend starts complaining about her man shoulders? We spoke with experts to learn how to effectively respond to a friend who’s always way to hard on her body.

RELATED: 5 Rules for Loving Your Body From Model Ashley Graham

Don’t reject her complaints

When you hear a friend criticizing herself, your immediate reflex is probably to tell her she’s totally delusional. While this may seem like the right thing to do, silencing her concerns could actually do more harm than good, says Emily T. Troscianko, PhD, Humanities Division Research Associate at University of Oxford, and author of the “A Hunger Artist” blog. “It could easily seem like you’re judging or belittling her, by essentially accusing her of making up a problem where there isn’t one.” As a result, she’ll probably stop expressing her concerns (at least around you) and internalize them instead—which could be even more problematic for her mental health.

Don’t bring yourself down to build her up, either

If your first instinct is to dismiss her complaints, your second is probably to counter with some of your own insecurities. To a certain degree, this odd form of empathy can be helpful, because it shows you understand at least a little of how she feels, says Dr. Troscianko. But you should still try to steer the conversation toward the positive no matter what.

For example, you could talk about your own body image struggles, but instead of focusing on how much you hate this or that about yourself, try talking about how you  fight back against that negative urge. You could even ask, “What would you tell me if I said that about myself?” to help her view those criticisms from an observers’ perspective, Dr. Troscianko says. And “if you feel generally good about your body, tell her so, and perhaps have a talk about some of the ways you protect your own self-confidence.”

Do discuss her concerns

A more effective approach than contributing to the negativity is to discuss where her body hatred comes from. “You might ask her, for instance, whether she compares her body to those she sees on TV or in magazines, and if so, whether she thinks such comparisons are helpful or based in fact,” advises Dr. Troscianko. While it can be challenging, Dr. Troscianko emphasizes how important it is to remind your friend (and yourself, for that matter) that the perfect, airbrushed images you see in the media aren’t reality.

RELATED: 5 Body-Positive Resolutions You Should Make in 2016

Do not fear the reality check

Once you nail down where your friend’s concerns come from, it’s time for a serious reality check. “We live in a culture that favors certain body sizes and shapes, however that [image] changes over time,” adds Judy Scheel, PhD, and eating disorder therapist. “In a funny way, the body part a person is complaining about now may be what’s desired in ten years.” For example, today the media is popularizing big butts, but in a year totally flat butts may be trendy.

Another reality is, genetically, certain popularized figures may not be attainable for all bodies, explains Dr. Scheel. Bring this concept to your friend’s attention, and ask her “Do you think it makes you feel better or worse about yourself to say these things?” Help her put her concerns into perspective and question if she really wants to let her self-image be defined by fickle fads and other people.

Don’t over-compliment her looks

While compliments are great, insincere ones are generally pretty easy to see through, says Dr. Troskiano. So don’t overdo it by telling her she’s the most gorgeous woman on the planet—even if you believe that’s true, she’ll likely brush off the comment immediately. And avoid going overboard with the frequency of praises as well: “If compliments about physical appearance, even genuine ones, come too often,” explains Dr. Troskiano. “They’ll reinforce her belief that her appearance matters hugely.”

Do gush over her talents

Trying to help your friend refocus attention on things she does love about her body is a worthy goal, Dr. Troscianko says. But even better is helping her see how great she is outside of how she looks. For example—compliment her athletic ability, her incredible cooking skills, or how valuable she is as your friend! Any of these affirmations will not only make her feel good, but also remind her that physical appearance doesn’t define who she is as a person.

RELATED: 25 Scientifically Proven Ways to Be a Happier Person

Do help her re-discover what her body can do

Think about how amazing you feel after you work out: There’s nothing like crushing 3 sets of squats to make you forget what others think of your jiggly thighs. If you think she could use a dose of empowerment, help her re-connect with how awesome her body is for what it can do. One way to do that: offer to join a sports team or mind-body fitness class with her. Stick with an option like yoga or Pilates that “requires developing a more sensitive awareness,” advises Dr. Troscianko. This could help your friend realize there’s more to her body than just the way it looks.

RELATED: What Your Body Shape Tells You About Your Risk for Eating Disorder

Finally, if you’re worried your friend’s comments may indicate a bigger issue, such as body dysmorphia or an eating disorder, you can find more resources at the National Eating Disorder Association.

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Newly Designed Endoscope Receives FDA Approval

FRIDAY, Jan. 15, 2016 (HealthDay News) — A newly designed Olympus duodenoscope was approved Friday by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

The new device has modifications to reduce the risk of bacterial infections, the FDA said. The original model will be recalled and repaired by Olympus, according to the FDA.

Duodenoscopes are flexible, lighted tubes. During a procedure, the device is threaded through the mouth, throat and stomach to the small intestine. They’re used to diagnose and treat problems in the liver, pancreas and gallbladder, the FDA explained.

Early in 2014, the FDA issued a warning that duodenoscopes are hard to clean. And, the FDA noted that even when health care workers follow manufacturers’ directions, patients were still at risk for infection. The warning came after a number of patients who had duodenoscope procedures were infected with drug-resistant “superbugs.”

The FDA issued recommendations for the cleaning and sterilization of duodenoscopes. The agency has also been working with three makers of the devices to improve their safety.

Along with design modifications to its device, Olympus also made labeling changes. The company also said it will conduct annual inspections of each scope in use to ensure their safety.

“We have made it a top priority to improve the safety of duodenoscopes and help protect patients from bacterial infections associated with these medical devices,” Dr. William Maisel, deputy director for science and chief scientist in the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health, said in an agency news release.

The design modifications were to a part of the device known as the elevator channel. Leakage into the elevator channel posed an infection risk to patients because this sealed area cannot be cleaned and disinfected between use in different patients.

“The Olympus TJF-Q180V’s new design, as well as the new annual inspection program, is intended to reduce the risk of fluid leakage into the elevator channel, which in turn can reduce patient exposure to bacteria and other potential infections,” Maisel said.

Olympus estimated approximately 4,400 of these duodenoscopes are currently in use in U.S. health facilities. The company estimated that repairs to these devices will be completed by August 2016. While awaiting repair, health facilities can continue using the devices but must closely follow the manufacturer’s reprocessing instructions, the FDA said.

More information

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has more on duodenoscope cleaning.

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Move of the Week: Plank on a Stability Ball

Break out your exercise ball that’s gathering dust and combine two ab-strengthening workouts into one. Adding a stability ball to your usual plank move is a great way to really challenge your core, especially those lower abs! Learn how to properly execute this move (without falling flat on your face) with the help of Health’s contributing fitness editor Kristin McGee.

RELATED: This 6-Move BOSU Ball Workout Will Tone Your Whole Body

Here’s how to do it: Start by placing your shins right on top of the ball.  Then walk yourself out until you form one straight line of energy from the top of the head all the way down to your toes. Draw the shoulders down the back. And hold here for 30 seconds.

Trainer tip: In this move, it’s very easy to let the midsection sink. Instead, scoot your abs up and in, then lengthen through the sides of your waist.

 

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Is This Lip Balm Really Causing Rashes? What to Know About the Lawsuit Against EOS

Photo: Getty Images

Even if you don’t use EOS lip balm, you probably recognize the cute little orbs from checkout counters, and endorsements by stars like Kim K, Hillary Duff, and Miley Cyrus. But while celebs seem to love the stuff, a few customers are anything but fans.

According to a class action lawsuit filed on January 12 in Los Angeles, Rachael Cronin applied the balm and her lips became dry and coarse (like “sandpaper”) within hours. She then applied more balm to try to smooth her lips, but the symptoms worsened. When Cronin shared a pic of her swollen mouth on Facebook, the post “set off a frenzy of responses from other individuals who shared the identical experience with EOS,” according to the lawsuit.

RELATED: How to Care for Problem Skin in the Winter

The original photo appears to have been removed from Facebook, but Fox 11 Los Angeles tweeted these images included in the lawsuit.

Class-action lawsuit: EOS lip balm causes severe blisters, rashes https://t.co/Tr0AftcD4m http://pic.twitter.com/bRtlbYsJBg

— FOX 11 Los Angeles (@FOXLA) January 14, 2016

Cronin’s lawyer Mark Geragos wrote in the document that “potentially hundreds of thousands of similarly situated consumers” could be affected. He is asking for damages and corrective advertising.

But EOS—which stands for Evolution of Smooth—is sticking by its product. Health received the following statement from the company: “We firmly believe this lawsuit is without merit. Our products are made with the highest quality ingredients and meet or exceed all safety and quality standards set out by our industry and validated by rigorous testing conducted by an independent lab. The health and well-being of our customers is our top priority and millions of satisfied customers use our products every day, many of whom take the time to share their experiences with us.”

The fact is, there are many things that can cause a rash on the lips. New York City dermatologist Joshua Zeichner, MD—who couldn’t comment on the specific cases in the lawsuit—listed some possible culprits: “an allergy, irritation, lip licking, dry weather, certain foods, some systemic diseases, even excessive drooling.”

He noted that allergies to personal care products are not uncommon. And as any derm will tell you, just because a product says it is 100% natural that doesn’t mean it won’t cause an allergic reaction.

RELATED: 12 Surprising Beauty Uses for Baking Soda

With lip balms, the problem can get worse when you apply more in an effort to soothe your raw skin, Dr. Zeichner explained. “You are essentially adding fuel to the fire and creating a vicious cycle.” (In general, he recommends steering clear of lip products that contain the potentially irritating ingredients camphor, menthol, and salicylic acid.)

If you develop a rash and suspect a product, stop using it immediately and see your MD. If he or she determines it is an allergic reaction (and not an infection or something else), these are treatable with antihistamines and topical cortisone creams, says Dr. Zeichner. “You can start with OTC products and move over to prescriptions if you’re not improving in a day or two.”

 

 

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