Health Problems Can Plague Seniors After Cancer Surgery

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 24, 2016 (HealthDay News) — After cancer surgery, certain older patients face an increased risk for injuries and problems that can keep them in a hospital longer and slow their recovery, new research reveals.

The researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, reviewed data from more than 939,000 people, aged 55 or older. All had undergone major cancer surgery in the United States between 2009 and 2011.

More than 9 percent of these patients had age-related injuries and health issues, such as falls, broken bones, dehydration, bed sores, failure to thrive and delirium. All of these problems can lead to longer hospital stays, higher health care costs and even premature death, the study authors said.

These health issues can occur in addition to postsurgery complications. The study found that these problems were most likely to occur in patients aged 75 and older, and in people who had surgery for bladder, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic or stomach cancer.

“The findings highlight the importance for older patients to discuss these potential events with their doctors as they prepare for surgery. Now that the prevalence of such events is known, treatment approaches that keep these age-related health concerns in mind may be better applied in the future to better assist these patients,” lead author Dr. Hung-Jui Tan, a fellow in urologic oncology at UCLA, said in a university news release.

People with age-related health issues were also more likely to have postsurgery complications. They were also more likely to be discharged to rehabilitation facilities rather than their own homes, the study findings showed.

The aging American population will make these problems more common, the researchers said.

“Even now, these events affect approximately one in 10 patients over the age of 54 undergoing cancer surgery in the United States,” Tan said. “With even higher rates observed among the very old, patients 75 and older — the fastest-growing segment of the population — geriatric events during cancer-related surgery are likely to become even more prevalent.”

The report was published online recently in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

More information

The U.S. National Institute on Aging has more about cancer.

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Laser Unlocks Blood-Brain Barrier for Chemotherapy, Study Shows

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 24, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Laser surgery can open the protective blood-brain barrier, enabling chemotherapy drugs to reach brain tumors, according to a new, small study.

The new technique might improve treatment of brain cancer, neurosurgeons at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis said in a university news release.

“The laser treatment kept the blood-brain barrier open for four to six weeks, providing us with a therapeutic window of opportunity to deliver chemotherapy drugs to the patients,” explained study co-corresponding author Dr. Eric Leuthardt, a professor of neurosurgery.

“This is crucial because most chemotherapy drugs can’t get past the protective barrier, greatly limiting treatment options for patients with brain tumors,” he said.

The study included 14 patients with glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive form of brain cancer. The patients had already received treatment, but underwent laser surgery to treat tumors that had returned.

The researchers said they were surprised to find that the laser therapy penetrated the protective blood-brain barrier.

“We are closely following patients in the trial,” Leuthardt said. “Our early results indicate that the patients are doing much better on average, in terms of survival and clinical outcomes, than what we would expect. We are encouraged but very cautious because additional patients need to be evaluated before we can draw firm conclusions.”

The study was published online Feb. 24 in the journal PLoS One.

The minimally invasive laser technology used in the study is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat brain tumors. The researchers said this is the first study to show that it can make an opening in the blood-brain barrier.

Glioblastoma is among the most difficult cancers to treat, and most patients survive just 15 months, according to the American Cancer Society.

This pilot study is part of a larger phase 2 clinical trial that will include a total of 40 patients.

“We are hopeful this technology opens new avenues to treating these devastating brain tumors that cause great suffering for patients and their families,” Leuthardt said.

More information

The American Brain Tumor Association has more about glioblastoma.

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Brain Cancers Both Common and Deadly Among Teens, Young Adults: Report

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 24, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Brain cancers are the most common cause of cancer deaths among teens and young adults, but the types of cancers that strike can vary widely as people age, a new report shows.

“For these individuals — who are finishing school, pursuing their careers and starting and raising young families — a brain tumor diagnosis is especially cruel and disruptive,” said Elizabeth Wilson, president and CEO of the American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA).

“This report enables us for the first time to zero in on the types of tumors occurring at key [age] intervals over a 25-year time span, to help guide critical research investments and strategies for living with a brain tumor that reflect the patient’s unique needs,” Wilson said in an association news release.

The ABTA-funded report, which used data from 51 separate cancer registries that represented 99.9 percent of the U.S. population in the 15-to-39 age group, was published recently in the journal Neuro-Oncology.

While brain and central nervous system tumors were the most common type of cancer among people aged 15 to 19, the report also revealed how other types of cancer became more prevalent as people got older. Among those between the ages of 34 and 39, brain and central nervous system tumors were eclipsed by breast and thyroid cancer.

“What’s interesting is the wide variability in the types of brain tumors diagnosed within this age group, which paints a much different picture than what we see in [older] adults or in pediatric patients,” said report senior author Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, an associate professor at Case Western’s Comprehensive Cancer Center in Cleveland.

“For example, the most common tumor types observed in adults are meningiomas and glioblastomas, but there is much more diversity in the common tumor types observed in the adolescent and young adult population,” Barnholtz-Sloan said in the news release.

“You also clearly see a transition from predominantly nonmalignant and low-grade tumors to predominantly high-grade tumors with increasing age,” she added.

Wilson agreed.

“When analyzing data in five-year age increments, researchers discovered that the adolescent and young adult population is not one group but rather several distinct groups that are impacted by very different tumor types as they move into adulthood,” Wilson said.

Nearly 700,000 people in the United States have brain and central nervous system tumors. And more than 10,600 such tumors are diagnosed in teens and young adults each year, with 434 dying of their disease annually, according to the ABTA.

“There are clearly unique characteristics of the 15-39 age group that we need to more comprehensively understand, and the information in the ABTA report starts that important dialogue,” Barnholtz-Sloan said.

More information

The U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke has more about brain and spinal tumors.

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2 Experimental Ebola Vaccines Show Potential

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 24, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Two experimental Ebola vaccines showed promise in a clinical trial, researchers report.

The vaccines triggered an immune response and were well-tolerated among people in the phase 2 trial conducted in Liberia, one of the West African nations hit hard by the 2014 Ebola outbreak.

The trial was sponsored by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Researchers had planned to continue testing the vaccines in a broader phase 3 trial with 28,000 people, but that was abandoned because the decline in new Ebola cases made the larger study impossible.

The phase 2 trial tested the cAd3-EBOZ vaccine, which uses a chimpanzee-derived cold virus to deliver Ebola virus genetic material. The trial also tested the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, which uses the vesicular stomatitis virus — related to the rabies virus — to carry Ebola genetic material.

The trial included 1,500 people aged 18 and older with no reported history of Ebola disease, and was conducted in early 2015. Participants, divided into groups of 500 people, received either one of the two vaccines or a saline injection.

One month after getting the vaccines, measurable Ebola antibodies were detected in 87 percent of the people who received the cAd3-EBOZ vaccine and in 94 percent of the 500 people who received the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, the researchers said.

The findings were presented Tuesday by co-principal investigator Fatorma Bolay, director of the Liberian Institute for Biomedical Research, at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Boston.

More information

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more about Ebola.

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Active Mind, Body May Only Do So Much Against Alzheimer’s

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 24, 2016 (HealthDay News) — There’s plenty of evidence suggesting that people who are active socially, intellectually and physically may stave off Alzheimer’s disease. However, a new study shows those efforts may only go so far to keep dementia at bay.

Exercising the mind and body may delay the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, researchers said, but in most people it does not slow underlying brain changes linked to the disease.

The study was led by Prashanthi Vemuri, of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. Her team focused on nearly 400 people aged 70 and older. While none of the participants had dementia, 53 had experienced slight declines in their mental abilities.

Vemuri’s team divided the participants into two groups — those with more than 14 years of education and those with less.

Each participant underwent brain scans to check for signs of Alzheimer’s disease and were also asked about their mental and physical activity levels.

Overall, the participants’ jobs, mental and physical activity and education in middle age appeared to have little to no effect on levels of the buildup of amyloid protein plaques in the brain — a factor long associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Physical or mental activity levels also appeared to have little impact on brain volume or the brain’s sugar metabolism (energy use), the researchers said.

However, the findings were different for a minority of participants — people with an Alzheimer’s-linked gene called APOE4. About 20 percent of people carry this gene, Vemuri’s team noted.

In that subset, people who had high education levels and who had continued to learn throughout their lives had less amyloid plaque, compared to those with high education levels who did not continue to challenge their mind.

The study was published online Feb. 24 in the journal Neurology.

“Recent studies have shown conflicting results about the value of physical and mental activity related to the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, and we noticed that levels of education differed in those studies,” Vemuri said in a journal news release.

“When we looked specifically at the level of lifetime learning, we found that carriers of the APOE4 gene who had higher education and continued to learn through middle age had fewer amyloid deposition on imaging when compared to those who did not continue with intellectual activity in middle age,” she said.

But what about the rather disappointing findings for people without the APOE4 gene? Vemuri believes these people should still exercise and engage in mentally stimulating activities such as reading, playing games and using computers.

“There is substantial evidence that these activities help to delay the onset of memory and thinking problems,” she said. “What we don’t know is how this process works.”

And cause-and-effect is impossible to tease out in this kind of study, Vemuri added. For instance, she said, the relationship might even work in the reverse. “It is possible those who did not continue intellectual activity in middle age did so because they had higher levels of amyloid plaques,” she said.

Two Alzheimer’s experts agreed that the jury is still out on the subject.

“The conclusions [from this study] are limited and might apply only to those who carry the APOE4 gene,” said Dr. Irving Gomolin, chief of geriatric medicine at Winthrop-University Hospital in Mineola, N.Y. “That being said, intellectual stimulation rarely carries any harm and can increase one’s general sense of well-being.”

Dr. Gisele Wolf-Klein directs geriatric education at Northwell Health in New Hyde Park, N.Y. She agreed that, based on data from the new study, a mentally and physically active lifestyle has only a “minimal” effect on underlying markers of Alzheimer’s disease for the average person.

Still, the benefit to people with the APOE4 gene was notable, Wolf-Klein said, and everyone should still be encouraged “to engage in midlife cognitive [intellectual] activities.”

More information

The U.S. National Institute on Aging has more on Alzheimer’s disease.

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NBA Players Putting Their Hearts Into Medical Research

By Steven Reinberg
HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 24, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Professional basketball players have the highest rate of sports-related cardiac arrest in the United States, and a new study lays the groundwork for scientists to determine why.

Investigators from Columbia University Medical Center in New York City examined the heart structure and function of more than 500 current NBA players. They found some significant differences between these hearts and those of other athletes and the general population.

Noting that the rate of sudden cardiac death, which occurs after the heart suddenly stops beating, is about 30 times higher among NBA players than other professional athletes, lead researcher Dr. David Engel said, “We needed to know what a normal heart looks like in an elite basketball player.”

“There is very little information about the hearts of U.S. athletes,” said Engel, a cardiologist at Columbia.

These basketball players are big men, Engel said, with an average height of 6 feet 7 inches and an average weight of 222 pounds.

The researchers looked at heart size and weight as well as its structure and function. They also evaluated the size of the aorta — the biggest artery in the body that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.

They found that heart size increased with the size of the athlete, which was expected. Also, basketball players have larger aortas than non-athletes, Engel said.

The researchers also found that the left ventricle, which pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body, was larger than that of most adults, but proportional to the players’ body size.

Additionally, many players had a thickening of the wall of the left ventricle, called left ventricular hypertrophy, which can be a sign of decreased heart function. It’s also the most common cause of sudden cardiac death among basketball players, according to background notes in the study.

This condition was more common among black players than white players, Engel said. Black players also had heavier hearts than white players, the study found.

Most players had normal left ventricular ejection fraction, a measure of how well the left ventricle pumps blood, Engel said.

The study findings were published online Feb. 24 in the journal JAMA Cardiology.

“For the first time, we have data on what a normal basketball player’s heart looks like, which can help us treat these athletes,” said Dr. Aaron Baggish, co-author of an editorial that accompanied the study.

Baggish, who’s with the cardiovascular performance program at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, said the hearts of certain athletes, including runners and cyclists, get larger than one would expect for the athlete’s body size.

Armed with this baseline data, the researchers hope to follow these basketball players into retirement, Engel said.

“We are tracking the players yearly to see if there are changes over time,” he said. “The goal of the program is to follow them into retirement and see how the heart changes after they stop playing and become older,” he said.

The 526 athletes included in the study played in the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 seasons. Their average age was 26. The NBA requires annual preseason stress echocardiograms for each player.

Dr. Gregg Fonarow, a professor of cardiology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said the researchers uncovered some valuable information.

“There are a number of changes in cardiac structure and function that occur in athletes and represent physiologic changes in response to exercise training and competition,” he said.

But determining which of these changes, if any, might raise an athlete’s risk of sudden cardiac death can be very challenging, Fonarow said.

“This new study of NBA players finds that over a quarter of the players have increased left ventricular wall thickness, but reduction in left ventricular function was rare,” said Fonarow. “This is a valuable road map and reference for evaluating the hearts of individual athletes as well as for creating screening programs.”

More information

For tips on keeping your heart healthy, visit the U.S. National Institute on Aging.

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You Need to Watch This Hypnotic Ad Featuring the US Gymnastics Team

Under Armour is at it again with another mesmerizing spot, this time featuring the USA women’s gymnastics team. To the tune of M.I.A.’s “Matangi,” the athletes begin their practice in a darkened gym: walking on their hands, flipping through the air, climbing ropes without using their legs(!), and doing pike-ups while hanging from a bar. The ad is a peek at the grueling everyday rituals of their spectacular and gravity-defying sport.

RELATED: The Badass Ballerina Video That Will Seriously Motivate You

In a nod to the long hours the gymnasts spend training—from early morning to late at night—the video ends with the tagline, “It’s what you do in the dark that puts you in the light.” According to a company press release, the ad is part of a campaign meant to honor “the 24/7 grind that each athlete pushes through in order to succeed when their moment in the spotlight comes.”

We will be cheering when that moment come for the gymnastics team in Rio next summer.

 

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Male Childhood Cancer Survivors Less Likely to Have Kids, Study Finds

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 24, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Men who survived cancer when they were children, teens or young adults seem to be less likely to have children of their own than men who never had cancer, a new study reveals.

The likelihood of having children was especially low among those who survived testicular cancer, bone cancer, brain tumors, lymphoma and leukemia, researchers at the University of Bergen in Norway found.

The findings “are important for male cancer survivors, seeing as we can identify groups at risk of having reproduction problems,” study author Maria Winther Gunnes, a Ph.D. candidate in the department of global public health and primary care, said in a university news release.

For the study, researchers reviewed data from all Norwegian men born between 1965 and 1985.

Male cancer survivors were three times more likely to use assisted fertilization than those who never had cancer, the study findings showed.

The researchers also found that men diagnosed with cancer before age 25 were less likely to get married than men who never had cancer.

The study found that children of cancer survivors are not at increased risk for birth defects, preterm birth, low birth weight or death just before or shortly after birth.

“It is important to be able to assure young, male cancer survivors that their illness and treatment will not have a negative impact on their own children,” Gunnes said.

Currently, nearly 80 percent of children and teens diagnosed with cancer survive, the researchers noted.

The study was published recently in the British Journal of Cancer.

More information

The U.S. National Cancer Institute has more on cancer survivorship.

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Crowdfunding Scams are Growing. Here’s How to Tell Which Cases are Real

Photo: Getty Images

Thanks to the power of social media and online crowdfunding, it’s now easier than ever to raise money for a worthy cause. If you’re not familiar with crowd funding sites such as GoFundMe, GiveForward, and YouCaring, they allow users to set up fundraising pages to collect donations for anything from medical bills to financial support during a crisis. But sadly, on occasion, people do exploit these resources for personal gain.

It’s only February, and multiple cancer scams have already made headlines this year. In January, a Georgia nurse who accepted $25,000 in donations from online supporters was arrested for first-degree forgery and misdemeanor theft after investigators discovered that she was pretending to have stage IV cancer. Then a Seattle TV station revealed that local cancer advocate Tracy Dart—who had become well-known for beating breast cancer three times—may have actually never had the disease. And last Wednesday, a Connecticut man who faked terminal brain cancer was charged with first-degree larceny after he collected thousands of dollars in donations from friends and family.

RELATED: 15 Worst Things You Can Say to Someone Battling Breast Cancer

As disappointing and depressing as news like this is, it doesn’t diminish the fact that online crowdfunding can help those who truly need it. And it’s important to remember that the vast majority of causes listed on these sites are legitimate and deserving: “Scams are incredibly rare,” says Dan Pfeiffer, Vice President of Communications and Policy at GoFundMe, adding that they represent “much less than one-tenth of 1%” of the campaigns on his site.

Josh Chapman, CEO of GiveForward, agrees. “In the beginning, scams weren’t a concern because people personally invited family and friends to their donation pages,” he explains. “But in our experience, it’s definitely something that has grown in the past year or so.”

With that in mind, before you make your next donation, experts recommend that you take the following precautions to make sure that your money and good intentions go where you intend.

Give to campaigns you have a personal connection to

The best way to protect yourself in any situation in which you’re donating money—whether in “real life” or online—is by having a connection to the cause. “We encourage people to donate to campaigns of users they personally know and trust, or are connected to within one or two steps,” says Pfeiffer. “When you’re considering a campaign, look to see if you personally know the campaign organizer, the beneficiary, or any of the individuals who have already donated to it.” This greatly reduces the risk of fraud, since people are much less likely to deceive family and friends than they are strangers.

Don’t know the campaign organizer, but still feel moved to give? Read the comments section, says Chapman. “We really emphasize commenting on GiveForward,” he explains. Users are urged to comment both when they donate money and when they set up a campaign. “That way you can tell if the donations and social shares are coming from people who know the organizer in real life.” Reading those comments can offer greater insight into the campaign and reassure you that the information listed is accurate.

RELATED: How to Give to Charity the Right Way

Do some research

Most crowdfunding sites require you to register with a verified Facebook account, which means that users should be displaying their real identities on the site. If you don’t personally know the campaign organizer or beneficiary, it’s not a bad idea to check out their Facebook page to get a sense of whether or not it’s a legitimate account. (For example, is there activity on the page, such as recent comments and photos? Is there a bio section with information like location and education filled out? Are they sharing the campaign on their own personal social networks?) A Facebook account that clearly looks fake, inactive, or has an especially low friend count could be a red flag.

Consumer Reports has another good tip: Check out other crowdfunding websites to see if the organizer has posted their campaign in multiple places. While it’s not necessarily a bad thing to have the same campaign listed on different websites (it’s a good strategy for helping boost your reach, after all), you can compare and contrast the information on the different listings to make sure the details line up.

Proceed with caution around trending news stories

“We have seen the biggest growth in scams when a tragedy occurs that attracts press attention,” says Chapman. Reporters often visit crowdfunding sites like GiveForward to find related personal stories to feature in their coverage, he explains. The vast majority of the time, the stories the press shares involve legitimate fundraising campaigns, he says. But the opportunity for press attention can be tempting for would-be scammers, who know that a campaign could have the potential to go viral in the wake of a newsworthy event, potentially reaching compassionate strangers. “So if you were to come across an online fundraiser in the press, and there’s not a lot of Facebook shares or comments from ‘real life’ friends and family on the page, I might be skeptical of that,” Chapman says.

RELATED: This Woman Is Accused of Faking Breast Cancer and Collecting Thousands in Donations

Think you’ve come across a scam?

Report it to the website right away. You can do this on most sites by going to the “Contact Us” section and flagging your message as related to a potential fraud. If you believe you’ve been the victim of a scam, you can file a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission here. For more information on protecting yourself online, visit http://ift.tt/1QcXQEO.

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Exercise + Classwork May = Better Math Scores

By Amy Norton
HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 24, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Schoolchildren may have an easier time learning if exercise is part of their math and spelling lessons, a new study suggests.

Dutch researchers found that second- and third-graders given “physically active” lessons did better on math and spelling tests, compared with their peers who learned the old-fashioned way.

Experts not involved with the study called the findings “encouraging.” But they also said it’s too soon to push for physically active classrooms everywhere.

Weaving exercise into traditional lessons could offer the “amazing possibility” of helping kids learn, while also helping them stay healthy, said Sara Benjamin Neelon, an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, in Baltimore.

“The take-home message is that physically active lessons may be a novel way to increase physical activity and improve academic performance at the same time,” said Benjamin Neelon, who cowrote an editorial published with the study.

But, she added, there are still big unknowns: For one, the study was done in the Netherlands, and it’s not clear that the results would extend to the diverse school systems in the United States.

And even if they do, Benjamin Neelon said, there are real-world practical barriers to bringing exercise into classrooms — including training teachers, winning parents over and simply finding the space and time.

For the study, researchers recruited 24 classes at 12 elementary schools in the northern Netherlands. Teachers in half of the classes stuck with traditional lessons, while the rest started incorporating exercise into some math, spelling and reading lessons.

For instance, instead of just saying “2 times 4 equals 8,” kids would jump in place eight times. Or they would hop for each letter of a word they spelled, explained lead researcher Marijke Mullender-Wijnsma, of the University Medical Center Groningen, in the Netherlands.

Overall, the children had 20 to 30 minutes of physically active learning three times a week. And that seemed to make a difference, the study found.

After two years, kids in active classrooms scored higher on standard math and spelling tests — the equivalent of about four months of extra learning, Mullender-Wijnsma said.

There was no benefit, however, when it came to reading scores.

The study findings were published Feb. 24 in the journal Pediatrics.

Why would jumping in place help kids’ math and spelling scores? It’s not clear, according to Mullender-Wijnsma, but one possibility is that “information obtained by the body” may help children with mental tasks.

“We know young children use both sensory and motor activity to learn,” she noted.

Exercise also boosts blood flow in the brain, Mullender-Wijnsma said, and that, too, might help kids absorb the task at hand.

On the other hand, it might not be a specific effect of exercise at all, according to Benjamin Neelon.

“It might be the novelty,” she said. “The children are learning in a new way. They’re intrigued.”

She pointed out that the Dutch researchers just published a separate report on the same study — this one looking at the children’s “cognitive” abilities, such as making plans, focusing and remembering. And kids in the physically active classes did no better than their peers.

“So the physically active lessons may not have improved underlying cognition or brain function in these children — even though they did better on school tests,” Benjamin Neelon said.

Still, she added, regular exercise is critical for kids. And with so many U.S. schools cutting back on traditional gym classes and recess, physically active lessons could be one way to get kids moving, Benjamin Neelon said.

A large U.S. study has looked at the impact of physically active lessons. It was primarily aimed at boosting kids’ activity levels and countering obesity — but it also found that children’s scores on standardized tests rose, Benjamin Neelon said.

Again, she noted, children in that study were mostly white and from middle- to high-income families. But there are studies of more diverse groups of kids underway, she said.

“Children from low-income families face more challenges in school,” Benjamin Neelon said. “If they don’t get enough sleep, or don’t have a good breakfast, or have stressors in their home life, they may have trouble concentrating in school.”

So, she said, the “big question” is, will physically active lessons help those children learn, or cause them to fall behind even more?

“We want to first make sure that physical activity doesn’t detract from children’s learning,” Benjamin Neelon said.

More information

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has guidelines on children’s physical activity.

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