Pricier Football Helmets Don’t Offer Extra Protection: Report

TUESDAY, March 1, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Price and laboratory ratings don’t indicate whether a football helmet is better at protecting high school players from concussion, a new study suggests.

When University of Colorado researchers evaluated helmets and U.S. high school concussion data, the only difference that emerged concerned helmet age. Older helmets that had not been reconditioned provided less protection than newer or recently reconditioned helmets, the study found.

“All of the approved helmets evaluated in our study performed similarly. Increased cost does not necessarily translate to improved safety,” said study senior author Dawn Comstock, an associate professor at the university’s School of Public Health.

She and her colleagues also reported that helmets with higher ratings in laboratory tests did not necessarily provide better protection for players.

“We found helmets with high ratings performed similarly to helmets with lower ratings,” Comstock said in a university news release.

For the study, the researchers examined nationwide helmet and high school football player concussion data gathered from 2008 to 2013.

The average number of concussions, length of recovery, and time until a player returned to play were similar among players wearing the most common helmet makes and models, regardless of price.

All of the helmets had a National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) seal, a requirement for high school football use.

The study found that old helmets that had been reconditioned within 12 months before use offered similar levels of protection as new helmets. However, players who used old helmets that had not been reconditioned recently had concussion symptoms for a longer period of time than those who wore new helmets.

Parents of high school football players need to ensure their children are using safe helmets, Comstock said.

“Many parents don’t think to ask if the helmet issued to their child is new or previously used or, if not new, when it was last reconditioned,” she said. “Parents should be asking questions and not assuming that the helmet assigned to their child is safe.”

The study was published online recently in the American Journal of Sports Medicine.

More information

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more on young athletes and concussion.

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Is Type 1 Diabetes Linked to Raised Risk of Certain Cancers?

By Steven Reinberg
HealthDay Reporter

TUESDAY, March 1, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Having type 1 diabetes may raise the risk of some cancers, but lower the risk of others, a new study suggests.

A higher risk was seen for cancers of the stomach, liver, pancreas, endometrium, ovary and kidneys. But a reduced risk was seen for prostate and breast cancers, researchers reported.

In type 1 diabetes, the body cannot produce the hormone insulin, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. People with type 1 diabetes must be treated with insulin to survive.

The good news from this study, said researcher Sarah Wild, is that it doesn’t seem that insulin treatment is responsible for an increased risk of some cancers, which has been a concern.

“This pattern of cancer risk [seen in the study] is similar to that seen for people with type 2 diabetes and people who are overweight,” said Wild, a professor of epidemiology at the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom. “This suggests that insulin treatment for type 1 diabetes does not itself increase risk of cancer.”

And, Wild pointed out, the new findings only show an association between type 1 diabetes and an increased risk for cancer, not that type 1 diabetes is a direct cause of the increased risk.

Another diabetes expert said it’s not clear if there is a cause-and-effect relationship between type 1 diabetes and cancer risk.

“We need to take their [the authors of the new study] findings with caution,” said Dr. Joel Zonszein, director of the Clinical Diabetes Center at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City. “Patients with diabetes have enough problems, and they don’t need cancer on top of their complications.”

He said the lack of a plausible reason why type 1 diabetes might cause an increase in certain cancers makes him suspect that there could be another explanation for the study findings.

It’s possible, Zonszein said, that patients in this study were misdiagnosed or misclassified in the national registries used for this study. Some of them may have had type 2 diabetes rather than type 1 diabetes, he suggested. This confusion may have occurred because all the patients the researchers looked at were taking insulin, he said.

The report findings were published Feb. 29 in the journal Diabetologia.

For the study, Wild and her colleagues collected data from national registries on more than 9,000 cancers among people with type 1 diabetes from Australia, Denmark, Finland, Scotland and Sweden. They compared people with type 1 diabetes to people in the general population of each country.

Looking at all cancers combined, Wild’s team didn’t find an increase in cancer risk for men with type 1 diabetes. However, women with type 1 diabetes had a 7 percent increased cancer risk, the study authors said.

The lack of overall cancer risk among men with type 1 diabetes was mostly due to an apparent 44 percent decreased risk of prostate cancer, Wild said.

When data for sex-specific cancers — such as prostate and breast cancers — were removed from the analysis, an increased cancer risk was seen in both men and women with type 1 diabetes. That increased risk was 15 percent for men and 17 percent for women, the researchers said.

Type 1 diabetes was linked to a 23 percent higher risk of stomach cancer for men and a 78 percent higher risk for women, the study found. For liver cancer, the risk for men with type 1 diabetes was doubled, while it was 55 percent higher for women, the study authors said.

However, women with type 1 diabetes were 10 percent less likely to develop breast cancer, Wild said.

Because many of these cancers are rare, the actual risk is slight, Wild added.

Also, the risk for cancer appeared to be highest shortly after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, she said. During the first year after a diabetes diagnosis, the cancer risk was more than doubled for both men and women. The longer someone had type 1 diabetes, the lower the odds of cancer diagnosis, she said.

After about 20 years, the cancer risk dropped to that of the general population for men. For women, it took only five years for the cancer risk to drop to almost normal, the study found.

The reported elevated cancer risk soon after type 1 diabetes diagnosis may owe to the detection of pre-existing cancers, the researchers suggested.

Although type 1 diabetes hasn’t been linked to lifestyle factors like type 2 diabetes has, Wild noted that lifestyle changes might help reduce cancer risk.

“Lifestyle changes to reduce cancer risk — such as avoiding smoking, [and improving] weight management and physical activity — are important for people with type 1 diabetes, particularly because several of the cancers are ones where these factors affect risk,” Wild said.

More information

For more on type 1 diabetes, visit the American Diabetes Association.

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Sleepless in the City? Nighttime Light Pollution May Be to Blame

By Karen Pallarito
HealthDay Reporter

TUESDAY, March 1, 2016 (HealthDay News) — People who live in neighborhoods that are lit up at night with neon signs and streetlights are more likely to report sleep problems, new research suggests.

Although the study doesn’t prove cause-and-effect, the scientists believe that intense outdoor illumination in the evening interferes with quality of sleep.

People with high nighttime light exposure, for example, were more likely than those in low-lit regions of the country to be dissatisfied with their sleep quantity or quality, by a margin of 13 percentage points, the findings showed.

“It was interesting for us to see how much this light in our streets was having an impact on us,” said study author Dr. Maurice Ohayon, director of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center, in California.

The findings are to be presented in April at the American Academy of Neurology’s annual meeting in Vancouver, Canada. Research presented at meetings is typically considered preliminary until it is published in a peer-reviewed journal.

George Brainard, a professor of neurology and neuroscience at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, called the Stanford team’s analysis an “important epidemiological study.”

“Exposure to light at night can have powerful biological and behavioral consequences,” said Brainard, who also serves as director of Jefferson’s Light Research Program.

However, the associations noted in the study may be due to other factors, he cautioned.

“In an urban area, we all tend to short our sleep a lot more because it’s a busy, vibrant environment, so we’re up later at night, and maybe we’re exposed to bright light inside of our apartment or house,” he said.

“Do I think that light is part of the culprit? Absolutely, I do,” Brainard said. “Do I think this study has proven that it’s street lighting? No, I think the jury’s out on that.”

People’s sleep patterns are regulated by two systems, according to the National Sleep Foundation. The body’s natural circadian rhythm, or sleep/wake cycle, causes you to feel more alert or sleepy, depending on the time of day. And, after being awake for 16 or more hours a day, your drive to rest, called sleep/wake homeostasis, kicks in.

In addition, levels of melatonin, a sleep-promoting hormone, rise in the evening, while exposure to light delays the release of that hormone, the foundation explains.

What if outdoor lighting, such as street lights, reduces exposure to darkness?

Ohayon’s study tackles that question by plotting people’s sleep patterns against satellite data measuring nighttime light exposure.

The researchers gathered data on the sleep habits, quality of sleep, and medical and psychiatric disorders of nearly 16,000 people in telephone interviews over an eight-year period.

Using data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, the team determined the amount of light people were exposed to at night.

In urban areas with more than 500,000 people, nighttime light exposure was three to six times more intense than in small towns and rural areas, the authors reported.

People with high outside light exposure slept less per night — a difference of 10 minutes a night, on average — than people with low light exposure.

Those exposed to higher light levels also were more likely to report fatigue, wake up confused during the night, and have excessive sleepiness and impaired functioning.

The study captures population-level effects of light exposure on sleep patterns by region, so it didn’t matter whether individuals closed their bedroom window shades or wore eyeshades before bedtime, Ohayon explained.

“All of that is diluted by the number of subjects that are in the area,” he said.

The only difference may have been if everyone kept the light out of their bedrooms every night, and that was not the case, he said.

Streetlights produce most of the light pollution on the planet, according to the International Dark-Sky Association, a nonprofit group that works to reduce the negative effects of artificial light, including its effects on human health.

As more cities begin to switch from yellow, incandescent lighting to blue, light-emitting diode (LED) lighting to save money, there may be implications for sleep, Ohayon suggested.

“Maybe we have to find what is the best coloration of the LED; what is the one that is preserving the safety, the security [of people], and our sleep,” he said.

For now, urban dwellers seeking a better night’s rest can remove nightlights, turn off video screens and invest in dark-out curtains, Brainard suggested.

“The darker the sleep environment, the better,” he said.

More information

The National Sleep Foundation has more on melatonin and sleep.

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This Towel Is the Lazy Woman’s Solution to Makeup Removal

When I first heard about the Makeup Eraser—a towel that promises to remove the heaviest of eye makeup with just water—I was a bit skeptical. It looks like a regular towel, and to the touch feels no different than a fleece blanket. As a beauty editor who’s no stranger to liquid liner and waterproof mascara, I had to try it out.

I assumed the Makeup Eraser ($20; sephora.com) would have a chemical makeup remover infused in its fibers, but it turns out I was wrong. Before trying it myself, I read up on it and learned that when it makes contact with water, the cloth’s polyester microfibers swell, which allows the towel to trap makeup.

Photo: sephora.com

That seemed legit enough to me, but still, I wasn’t convinced it would stand up to the heavy eye makeup I wore the day of the test: concealer, eye shadow primer, three different eye shadows (one with glitter—hey, I like to rock a smokey eye!), black liquid liner, black crayon eyeliner, about four coats of mascara, highlighter, brow wax, and brow powder. I kept my standard washcloth and Bioderma on deck for when the Makeup Eraser would inevitably fail me.

My full face of makeup before using the Makeup Eraser. Photo: Lisa DeSantis

Or so I thought. I saturated he towel with warm water as instructed, and then gently wiped the towel across my right eye a few times without being too aggressive. When I pulled my hand away, I was totally shocked: my eye was almost totally bare.

Then, I gave the towel the true test: could it clean up the rim of my eye, the part where stubborn under-eye smudges seem to withstand even the most powerful cleansing regimen? I rotated the towel to a clean spot and gently rubbed. When I pulled it away, nothing was left. I continued on to the other eye, and then used it on the rest of my face.

See ya, smoky eye. Photo: Lisa DeSantis

When I finished, my face was completely clear and the towel was a messy mosaic of every stitch of makeup that had been on my face. Before going to bed, I finished up by washing my face with my usual cleanser. The next morning, when I would normally wakeup with raccoon eyes, I instead saw a makeup-free face in the mirror. I was thrilled!

Success: I’m totally bare-faced. Photo: Lisa DeSantis

The next evening, I almost looked forward to washing off my makeup. For me, that’s saying a lot—washing my face falls somewhere between folding laundry and cleaning the bathroom on my list of things I like to do. I went at it again with an unused spot of the Makeup Eraser, and was impressed that I achieved the same results as the previous night.

At this point, though, I wasn’t sure how to store the messy, wet towel. I hung it on the side of the sink with the makeup-covered half in the basin and the dry half hanging over the side. I was concerned about it dripping on the floor, and that the wet towel wasn’t very sanitary. But I continued using it daily until there weren’t any unused patches left to use. Then it went into the washing machine. As instructed, I threw it in with other towels. Despite my positive experience up until this point, I was still skeptical of the towel—I figured it wouldn’t come away clean, or that it wouldn’t work as well after being washed. But to my surprise—again—it came out completely spotless, and although the texture wasn’t 100% the same, it still removed my heavy makeup as well as it had the first few go-rounds.

The Makeup Eraser claims to last up to 1,000 washes, and so far, mine has only visited the rinse cycle one time. But until it stops working or I lose count of how many times it has been washed, I’m putting my other cleansing methods on the back burner. Goodbye, makeup-stained washcloths! You’ve been replaced by something way better.

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We Just Broke Down Every Single Concealer Type

Art by Elysia Berman

I, too, have stared with empty, confused eyes at a web page of concealer, wondering what product will meet my specific demands. What’s going to cover up my dark circles and make that unexpected zit virtually undetectable to anyone I come in contact with? In a word, shopping for concealer is overwhelming—and that’s mostly because there are countless different textures and corrective colors all designed to do different things.

So how does one sift through every product out there to find their miracle tube? They don’t. Instead, they consult this miracle Infographic, of course. MIMI went to Achelle Dunaway, e.l.f. Cosmetic’s Global Artistic Director, to get a breakdown on every single concealer type and texture.

RELATED: How to Tweak Your Winter Foundation for Spring

Art by Elysia Berman

Concealer Textures

Regardless of the type of concealer you use, Dunaway says you should make sure your concealer matches your skin tone exactly, and for under-eye concealers, they should only be one to two shades lighter than your skin tone. She also says that skin tone concealers should go on after you apply foundation, but if you’re using a powder foundation, they go on first.

Got that? OK, good. Now, moving on…

RELATED: The Most Popular Brow Shapes By Zip Code

Liquid: According to Dunaway, this texture is perfect for normal to oily skin types, as well as mature skin, and provides buildable coverage. Also, take note! Dunaway says this is your go-to for blemishes—she loves e.l.f. HD Lifting Concealer ($3; walmart.com).

Concealer Pens: Perfect for all skin types, these babies are usually used to brighten under your eyes and are super lightweight. We dig it.

Cream or Stick: Dunaway says this is your go-to if you have normal or dry skin, and they usually give a medium to full coverage. You can also use it to cover up dark spots and tattoos! #Multitasking. Dunaway suggests e.l.f Studio Complete Coverage Concealer ($3; walgreens.com).

Art by Elysia Berman

Corrective Concealers

Colored concealer? Yep. These multicolored concealers all help fix a different issue. Dunaway says you apply a corrective concealer to your skin before applying foundation. “Follow by applying your skin tone concealer for additional spot coverage, use a sponge to dab product to help build coverage and blend the edges,” she says. The next step is to apply your liquid foundation and set with a powder.

Read on to find out what shade to pick for your skin type.

RELATED: How to Apply Full-Free Summer Concealer

Lavender: Dunaway says this hue helps to counter balance yellowness and is perfect for those with cool skin tones.

Yellow: Not sure what yellow concealer does? Our expert tells us that this buy, which is good for warm skin tones, can counter dark circles and can brighten the skin.

Green: Got a blemish? Reach for green concealer. This will neutralize the redness of that zit and even rosacea.

Pink: Ideal for cool skin tones, this will neutralize blue in the skin.

Orange or Salmon: Dunaway says that an orange concealer will neutralize blue, deep purple or gray tones on darker skin, but that it’s also good for warm skin tones.

This article originally appeared on MIMIchatter.com.

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‘Female Viagra’ Doesn’t Work Very Well: Study

Photo: Getty Images

The so-called “female Viagra” drug isn’t showing impressive results, suggests a new study published inJAMA Internal Medicine.

Last August, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the drug flibanserin to treat low sexual desire in premenopausal women. The drug was the first to be given the green light for treatment of the condition in women, called hypoactive sexual desire disorder, or HSDD. Researchers in the Netherlands conducted a review on flibanserin to see how safe and effective it was, analyzing eight clinical trials in all: five published and three unpublished. Even though the studies in total looked at almost 6,000 women, the researchers caution that the quality of evidence is “very low”: the studies weren’t very detailed, they write, and the drug looked better in the findings of published studies compared to studies that were not published.

RELATED: See How ‘Female Viagra’ Works

According to the results, the drug didn’t enhance most women’s sex life all that much, nor did it meaningfully increase the frequency of their sexual encounters. Taking the drug was associated with just one-half of an additional satisfying sexual event each month. It was also linked to a higher risk of sleepiness, dizziness, fatigue and nausea.

Valeant Pharmaceuticals, which manufactures flibanserin under the name Addyi, provided a statement from the company’s Chief Medical OfficerTage Ramakrishna, MD, saying that trials to secure FDA approval showed a statistically significant increase in satisfying sex. “It is crucial that women suffering from HSDD are able to speak to their physicians about the full range of options—including medical treatment—to manage this serious and well-established condition,” Ramakrishna says. “Analyses such as the one published in JAMA Internal Medicine, by omitting context and downplaying the importance of increased sexually satisfying events to those with HSDD, makes that conversation more difficult.”

More research is needed, the authors of the study say. “The data presented in this review suggest that the meaningful change caused by flibanserin is minimal,” they write.

This article originally appeared on Time.com.

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4 Cameras That Let You Check on Your Pet When You’re Not Home

Photo: amazon.com

One of the many joys of having a dog or cat is simply watching the cute things they do—showing off their bellies in a patch of sunlight, jumping on the bed, chasing their own tails. But since most of us aren’t home all day, we often miss their adorable (and sometimes naughty!) behaviors. Stay connected to Fluffy or Fido while you’re away with one of these clever cameras.

Petcube ($199; amazon.com)

For the ultimate pet lover, this camera not only lets you watch, speak to, and listen to your dog, you can also operate a laser pointer (cat lovers rejoice!) for playtime via your phone with a downloadable app. If you furry pal is doing something particularly cute, you can take a photo or video and send to friends and family.

amazon.com

Nest Cam ($199; amazon.com)

This camera does double duty: it can be used as a security camera and a remote pet monitor. With the capacity to work both in the daytime and at night, the camera will send an alert to your phone whenever it detects movement. Fido on the new white sofa? You can use the voice command option to tell him to “get down.” And if you signup for Nest Aware ($10 per month), you can view archived videos to see what you may have missed.

Photo: nest.com

Petzi Treat Cam ($179; amazon.com)

How fun is this? When you access this camera, a chime will sound, alerting your pet to come take a look at the device. From there, you can speak to your furry friend (note: the sound is only one-way, so you won’t hear anything back), and dole out a treat from the built-in dispenser for good behavior or on the completion of a trick.

Photo: amazon.com

Vimtag 361 HD ($99; amazon.com)

Don’t want to spend a bundle? Even with a lower price, you’re still able to watch your pet from your phone. The camera can also be controlled by an app, so you can move it side to side or tilt it for a 360 view of your room. It also has night vision, motion detection to alert you, and slot for an SD card to record motion and two-way audio.

Photo: amazon.com

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Abuse, Poverty in Childhood Linked to Adult Health Problems

TUESDAY, March 1, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Childhood abuse and poverty may raise the risk of health problems in adulthood, a new study suggests.

“Childhood disadvantage has long-term health consequences — much longer than most of us realize,” said study author Kenneth Ferraro, a professor and interim head of sociology at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind.

“A novel aspect of this study is that childhood disadvantage was linked to the onset of new health problems decades later,” he said in a university news release.

The researchers examined data from more than 1,700 adults who were surveyed in 1996 when they were between the ages of 25 and 74, and again in 2006 when they were aged 35 to 84.

“Health problems and quality-of-life issues were a concern during the first wave of the study,” said Ferraro, director of Purdue’s Center on Aging and the Life Course.

“However, when we revisited the study’s adult participants 10 years later, childhood poverty and frequent abuse were related to the onset of new health problems, such as cancer and heart disease, even after we adjusted for risk factors including health lifestyle and socioeconomic status,” he said.

The researchers only found an association, rather than a cause-and-effect link. Still, they said family composition during childhood — such as if both parents were in the home — appeared to play a role in health when the study participants were adults, but not to the same degree as poverty and physical or verbal abuse.

It’s “possible we have underrepresented the relationship between childhood disadvantage and later life health problems because those most severely affected were not able to participate in a social survey,” Ferraro said.

“But, now that we have identified some of the early origins of adult disease, we should focus on greater resources, even during midlife, to break the chain of risks,” he said.

The study was published in the February issue of the journal American Sociological Review.

More information

The Children’s Defense Fund has more about child poverty.

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Experts Undecided on Whether Seniors Should Get Routine Vision Checks

TUESDAY, March 1, 2016 (HealthDay News) — There’s just not enough good data to say whether or not seniors should be routinely screened for vision trouble by their primary care physicians, an influential panel of U.S. experts reports.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) believes current data isn’t adequate to assess the potential benefits and harms of such screening in people 65 or older.

The task force is an independent, volunteer panel of experts that reviews the scientific evidence and makes recommendations on preventive health services.

“We need more evidence on accurate ways to screen for eye conditions in older adults in a primary care setting,” task force chair Dr. Al Siu said in a USPSTF news release. Siu is Mount Sinai Health System chair, and a professor in the department of geriatrics and palliative medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, in New York City.

However, task force member Dr. Michael Pignone said that “older adults who are having vision problems should talk to their primary care doctor or eye specialist.”

Pignone, a professor of medicine at the University of North Carolina, said that “in the absence of clear evidence, primary care doctors should use their clinical judgment when deciding whether to screen for vision problems in patients without vision symptoms.”

Vision problems are a major impediment to seniors’ independence and quality of life. Common types of eye problems in older people include: refractive errors (the main reason people wear glasses or contacts); cataracts (clouding of the eye’s lens); and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which affects vision in the center of the eye.

Primary care doctors typically check vision with an eye chart test. While this test can detect refractive errors, it does not identify early stage AMD or cataracts in people who do not report vision problems, according to the panel’s statement issued March 1.

One expert stressed, however, that checking seniors’ vision should be a top priority if symptoms arise.

“It remains clear that the elderly population is at risk for a number of sight-threatening diseases that can be treated, leading to better visual outcomes,” said Dr. Mark Fromer, an ophthalmologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.

More information

The AGS Foundation for Health in Aging has more about seniors and vision problems.

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Scientists Report Finding ‘Gray Hair’ Gene

TUESDAY, March 1, 2016 (HealthDay News) — Researchers say they’ve pinpointed the first gene linked with gray hair.

They said the discovery, culled from a genetic analysis of more than 6,000 people of mixed ancestry in Latin America, proves that genes play a role in graying hair.

“We already know several genes involved in balding and hair color, but this is the first time a gene for graying has been identified in humans, as well as other genes influencing hair shape and density,” said study author Kaustubh Adhikari, from University College London, in England.

“It was only possible because we analyzed a diverse melting pot of people, which hasn’t been done before on this scale. These findings have potential forensic and cosmetic applications as we increase our knowledge on how genes influence the way we look,” he said in a college news release.

The gene linked with gray hair is called IRF4. The international team of researchers said it was known to play a role in hair color, but this is the first time it has been connected with the graying of hair.

Along with possibly helping find ways to delay hair graying, the gene might improve understanding of aging, the researchers said.

The researchers also found that another gene called PRSS53 seems to influence hair curliness.

“It has long been speculated that hair features could have been influenced by some form of selection, such as natural or sexual selection, and we found statistical evidence in the genome supporting that view,” Adhikari said.

“The genes we have identified are unlikely to work in isolation to cause graying or straight hair, or thick eyebrows, but have a role to play along with many other factors yet to be identified,” he said.

The study was published March 1 in the journal Nature Communications.

More information

The U.S. National Library of Medicine has more about aging changes in hair and nails.

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